Neighborhood environment perceptions associate with depression levels and cardiovascular risk among middle-aged and older adults: Data from the Washington, DC cardiovascular health and needs assessment

作者：Marcus R. Andrews, Joniqua Nashae Ceasar, Kosuke Tamura, Steven D. Langerman, Valerie M. Mitchell, Billy S. Collins, Yvonne Baumer, Cristhian A. Gutierrez‐Huerta, Amit Kumar Dey, Martin Peter Playford, Nehal N. Mehta, Tiffany M. Powell‐Wiley · 发表于：Aging & Mental Health · 年份：2020 · DOI：10.1080/13607863.2020.1793898 · 被引用次数：28 · 研究领域：Health disparities and outcomes、Urban Green Space and Health、Urban Transport and Accessibility

Objectives Little is understood about associations between neighborhood characteristics and depression, a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, in diverse populations. We examined relationships between perceived/objective neighborhood characteristics, depression, and CVD markers within the Washington, DC CV Health/Needs Assessment, an evaluation among predominantly African-American (AA) adults in resource-limited DC communities.Method Factor analysis of overall neighborhood environment perception (NEP) identified three NEP sub-scores:1) violence; 2) physical/social environment; 3) social cohesion (higher score = more favorable perception). Objective neighborhood characteristics were measured by geospatially-derived scores of walkability, transportation, and crime. Depression was defined by the revised Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-R). We used linear-regression modeling to examine neighborhood measures and CESD-R associations. To investigate a subsequent connection with CVD risk, we examined relationships between CESD-R and CVD-associated cytokines in a population subset.Results Participants (N = 99; mean age = 59.06; 99% AA) had a mean CESD-R score = 5.8(SD = 8.88). In adjusted models, CESD-R scores decreased by 0.20 units (p = 0.01) for every overall NEP unit-increase. Perceived physical/social environment (β = −0.34, p = 0.04) and social cohesion (β = −0.82, p = 0.01) were related to CESD-R while perceived violence was not (β = −0.28, p = 0.1)....