Growth Factor Concentrations in Human Milk Are Associated With Infant Weight and BMI From Birth to 5 Years

作者：Laura Galante, Shikha Pundir, Hanna Lagström, Samuli Rautava, Clare M. Reynolds, Amber M. Milan, David Cameron‐Smith, Mark H. Vickers · 发表于：Frontiers in Nutrition · 年份：2020 · DOI：10.3389/fnut.2020.00110 · 被引用次数：38 · 研究领域：Infant Nutrition and Health、Birth, Development, and Health、Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors

Background: Human milk bioactives may play a role in infant health and development. Although the variability in their concentrations in milk is well established, the impact of differential milk profiles on infant growth outcomes remains unclear. We hypothesized that different concentrations of metabolic hormones would be correlated with different weight and BMI in the infants beyond the first year of life. Methods: Milk samples at 2.6 (±0.4) months after birth and anthropometric measures at 13 months, 2, 3 and 5 years were collected as part of the Finnish STEPS cohort study from 501 mothers and the respective 507 infants. Leptin, adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) in milk were analysed. Generalized liner models and a repeated measures mixed model were used to examine correlations between milk hormone concentrations and weight and BMI z-scores across time, at each time-point, and weight gain from birth to each follow-up visit. All models were corrected for birthweight, infant sex, duration of exclusive and total breastfeeding, time of introduction of solid foods and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. Results: Milk IGF-1 concentrations were directly proportional to weight at 13 months (p=0.004) but negatively correlated to weight at 3 (p=0.011) and 5 years of age (p=0.049). cGP was negatively correlated with overall weight gain across the 5 years (p=0.019) but proportional to BMI at 5 years (p=0.021). Leptin and adiponectin did not display...