Co-evolution and Co-speciation of Host-Gut Bacteria Systems

作者：Mathieu Groussin, Florent Mazel, Eric J. Alm · 发表于：Cell Host & Microbe · 年份：2020 · DOI：10.1016/j.chom.2020.06.013 · 被引用次数：302 · 研究领域：Gut microbiota and health、Probiotics and Fermented Foods、Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research

Mammalian gut microbiomes profoundly influence host fitness, but the processes that drive the evolution of host-microbiome systems are poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that mammals and their individual gut symbionts can have parallel evolutionary histories, as represented by their congruent phylogenies. These "co-phylogenetic" patterns are signatures of ancient co-speciation events and illustrate the cohesiveness of the mammalian host-gut microbiome entity over evolutionary times. Theory predicts that co-speciation between mammals and their gut symbionts could result from their co-evolution. However, there is only limited evidence of such co-evolution. Here, we propose a model that explains cophylogenetic patterns without relying on co-evolution. Specifically, we suggest that individual gut bacteria are likely to diverge in patterns recapitulating host phylogeny when hosts undergo allopatric speciation, limiting inter-host bacterial dispersal and genomic recombination. We provide evidence that the model is empirically grounded and propose a series of observational and experimental approaches to test its validity.