Climate change considerations are fundamental to management of deep‐sea resource extraction

作者：Lisa A. Levin, Chih‐Lin Wei, Daniel C. Dunn, Diva J. Amon, Oliver S. Ashford, William W. L. Cheung, Ana Colaço, Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió, Elva Escobar‐Briones, Harriet Harden‐Davies, Jeffrey C. Drazen, Khaira Ismail, Daniel O. B. Jones, David E. Johnson, Jennifer Le, Franck Lejzerowicz, Satoshi Mitarai, Telmo Morato, Sandor Mulsow, Paul V. R. Snelgrove, Andrew K. Sweetman, Moriaki Yasuhara · 发表于：Global Change Biology · 年份：2020 · DOI：10.1111/gcb.15223 · 被引用次数：132 · 研究领域：Marine Biology and Ecology Research、Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses、Marine and fisheries research

Climate change manifestation in the ocean, through warming, oxygen loss, increasing acidification, and changing particulate organic carbon flux (one metric of altered food supply), is projected to affect most deep-ocean ecosystems concomitantly with increasing direct human disturbance. Climate drivers will alter deep-sea biodiversity and associated ecosystem services, and may interact with disturbance from resource extraction activities or even climate geoengineering. We suggest that to ensure the effective management of increasing use of the deep ocean (e.g., for bottom fishing, oil and gas extraction, and deep-seabed mining), environmental management and developing regulations must consider climate change. Strategic planning, impact assessment and monitoring, spatial management, application of the precautionary approach, and full-cost accounting of extraction activities should embrace climate consciousness. Coupled climate and biological modeling approaches applied in the water and on the seafloor can help accomplish this goal. For example, Earth-System Model projections of climate-change parameters at the seafloor reveal heterogeneity in projected climate hazard and time of emergence (beyond natural variability) in regions targeted for deep-seabed mining. Models that combine climate-induced changes in ocean circulation with particle tracking predict altered transport of early life stages (larvae) under climate change. Habitat suitability models can help assess the conseque...