Dietary α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Flaxseed Oil Exerts Beneficial Effects on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Through Sex Steroid Hormones—Microbiota—Inflammation Axis in Rats

作者：Ting Wang, Liping Sha, Yiwei Li, Lili Zhu, Zhen Wang, Ke Li, Haixia Lü, Ting Bao, Li Guo, Xiaoxia Zhang, Hao Wang · 发表于：Frontiers in Endocrinology · 年份：2020 · DOI：10.3389/fendo.2020.00284 · 被引用次数：163 · 研究领域：Ovarian function and disorders、Reproductive Physiology in Livestock、Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents a common endocrine-metabolic disorder disease with a chronic low-grade inflammation and alteration of intestinal flora. Serving as functional food, flaxseed oil (FO), rich in plant-derived ɑ-linolenic acid (ALA) of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), has been proven to benefit for chronic metabolic diseases. However, the exact role of dietary FO on PCOS remains largely unclear. In the present study, six-week-old female Sprague-dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (8 rats/group), including (a) pair-fed (PF) control (CON) group (PF/CON); (b) FO-fed CON group (FO/CON); (c) PF with letrozole-induced PCOS model (MOD) group (PF/MOD); (d) FO-fed MOD group (FO/MOD). All rats were fed a standard diet. After 3 weeks of modeling and subsequent 8 weeks of treatment, rats in diverse groups were euthanized and associated indications were investigated. The results showed that dietary FO ameliorated the disorder of estrous cycle and ovarian morphology. In parallel, dietary FO improved sex steroids hormones disturbance (LH/FSH, E2, T, PROG), body weights (BWs), dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Moreover, FO treatment suppressed plasma and ovary inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Additionally, FO intervention significantly modulated the composition of gut microbiota and vaginal microbiota (VMB) by increasing the abundances o...