Population-Level Configurations of Gut Mycobiome Across 6 Ethnicities in Urban and Rural China

作者：Yang Sun, Tao Zuo, Chun Pan Cheung, Wenxi Gu, Yating Wan, Fen Zhang, Nan Chen, Hui Zhan, Yun Kit Yeoh, Junkun Niu, Yan Du, Fengrui Zhang, Yunling Wen, Jun Yu, Joseph J.�Y. Sung, Paul K.S. Chan, Francis K.L. Chan, Kunhua Wang, Siew C. Ng, Yinglei Miao · 发表于：Gastroenterology · 年份：2020 · DOI：10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.014 · 被引用次数：149 · 研究领域：Gut microbiota and health、Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research、Probiotics and Fermented Foods

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Beyond bacteria, the human gastrointestinal tract is host to a vast diversity of fungi, collectively known as the gut mycobiome. Little is known of the impact of geography, ethnicity, and urbanization on the gut mycobiome at a large population level. We aim to delineate the variation of human gut mycobiome and its association with host factors, environmental factors, and diets. METHODS: Using shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we profiled and compared the fecal mycobiome of 942 healthy individuals across different geographic regions in China (Hong Kong and Yunnan), spanning 6 ethnicities: Han, Zang, Bai, Hani, Dai, and Miao (including both urban and rural residents of each ethnicity). In parallel to fecal sampling, we collected participant metadata (environmental exposure, bowel habits, anthropometrics, and medication), diet, and clinical blood measurement results (a total of 118 variables) and investigated their impact on the gut mycobiome variation in humans. RESULTS: The human gut mycobiome was highly variable across populations. Urbanization-related factors had the strongest impact on gut mycobiome variation, followed by geography, dietary habit, and ethnicity. The Hong Kong population (highly urbanized) had a significantly lower fungal richness compared with Yunnan population. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was highly enriched in urban compared with rural populations and showed significant inverse correlations with liver pathology-associated blood parameters, i...