Inflammaging and Complement System: A Link Between Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Graft Damage

作者：Rossana Franzin, Alessandra Stasi, Marco Fiorentino, Giovanni Stallone, Vincenzo Cantaluppi, Loreto Gesualdo, Giuseppe Castellano · 发表于：Frontiers in Immunology · 年份：2020 · DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2020.00734 · 被引用次数：91 · 研究领域：Complement system in diseases、Neurological Complications and Syndromes、Acute Kidney Injury Research

The aberrant activation of complement system in several kidney diseases suggests that this pillar of innate immunity has a critical role in the pathophysiology of renal damage of different etiologies. A growing body of experimental evidence indicates that complement activation contributes to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) such as delayed graft function (DGF) in transplant patients. AKI is characterized by the rapid loss of the kidney’s excretory function and is a complex syndrome currently lacking a specific medical treatment to arrest or attenuate progression in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent evidence suggests that independently from the initial trigger (i.e., sepsis or ischemia/reperfusions injury), an episode of AKI is strongly associated with an increased risk of subsequent CKD. The AKI-to-CKD transition may involve a wide range of mechanisms including scar-forming myofibroblasts generated from different sources, microvascular rarefaction, mitochondrial dysfunction, or cell cycle arrest by the involvement of epigenetic, gene, and protein alterations leading to common final signaling pathways [i.e., transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), p16 ink 4 a , Wnt/β-catenin pathway] involved in renal aging. Research in recent years has revealed that several stressors or complications such as rejection after renal transplantation can lead to accelerated renal aging with detrimental effects with the establishment of chronic proinflammatory cellular phenotypes w...