Evaluation of Developmental Toxicity, Developmental Neurotoxicity, and Tissue Dose in Zebrafish Exposed to GenX and Other PFAS

作者：Shaza Gaballah, Adam Swank, Jon R. Sobus, Xia Meng Howey, Judith E. Schmid, Tara Catron, James McCord, Erin P. Hines, Mark J. Strynar, Tamara Tal · 发表于：Environmental Health Perspectives · 年份：2020 · DOI：10.1289/ehp5843 · 被引用次数：435 · 研究领域：Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research、Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact、Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals

BACKGROUND: Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse class of industrial chemicals with widespread environmental occurrence.Exposure to long-chain PFAS is associated with developmental toxicity, prompting their replacement with short-chain and fluoroether compounds.There is growing public concern over the safety of replacement PFAS.OBJECTIVE: We aimed to group PFAS based on shared toxicity phenotypes.METHODS: Zebrafish were developmentally exposed to 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoate (ADONA), perfluoro-2-propoxypropanoic acid (GenX Free Acid), perfluoro-3,6-dioxa-4-methyl-7-octene-1-sulfonic acid (PFESA1), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoro-n-octanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), or 0.4% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) daily from 0-5 d post fertilization (dpf).At 6 dpf, developmental toxicity and developmental neurotoxicity assays were performed, and targeted analytical chemistry was used to measure media and tissue doses.To test whether aliphatic sulfonic acid PFAS cause the same toxicity phenotypes, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS; 4-carbon), perfluoropentanesulfonic acid (PFPeS; 5-carbon), PFHxS (6-carbon), perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS; 7-carbon), and PFOS (8-carbon) were evaluated.RESULTS: PFHxS or PFOS exposure caused failed swim bladder inflation, abnormal ventroflexion of the tail, and hyperactivity at nonteratogenic concentrations.Exposure to PFHxA resulted in a unique hyperactivity si...