Reviews and syntheses: Biological weathering and its consequences at different spatial levels – from nanoscale to global scale

作者：Roger D. Finlay, Shahid Mahmood, Nicholas P. Rosenstock, Emile B. Bolou‐Bi, Stephan Köhler, Zaenab Fahad, Anna Rosling, Håkan Wallander, Salim Belyazid, Kevin Bishop, Bin Lian · 发表于：Biogeosciences · 年份：2020 · DOI：10.5194/bg-17-1507-2020 · 被引用次数：140 · 研究领域：Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis、Lichen and fungal ecology、Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions

Plant nutrients can be recycled through microbial decomposition of organic matter but replacement of base cations and phosphorus, lost through harvesting of biomass/biofuels or leaching, requires de novo supply of fresh nutrients released through weathering of soil parent material (minerals and rocks). Weathering involves physical and chemical processes that are modified by biological activity of plants, microorganisms and animals. This article reviews recent progress made in understanding biological processes contributing to weathering. A perspective of increasing spatial scale is adopted, examining the consequences of biological activity for weathering from nanoscale interactions, through in vitro and in planta microcosm and mesocosm studies, to field experiments, and finally ecosystem and global level effects. The topics discussed include the physical alteration of minerals and mineral surfaces; the composition, amounts, chemical properties, and effects of plant and microbial secretions; and the role of carbon flow (including stabilisation and sequestration of C in organic and inorganic forms). Although the predominant focus is on the effects of fungi in forest ecosystems, the properties of biofilms, including bacterial interactions, are also discussed. The implications of these biological processes for modelling are discussed, and we attempt to identify some key questions and knowledge gaps, as well as experimental approaches and areas of research in which future studies ...