Peri‐implant diseases and conditions: Consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions

作者：Tord Berglundh, Gary C. Armitage, Maurício G. Araújo, Gustavo Ávila‐Ortiz, Juan Blanco, Paulo M. Camargo, Stephen Chen, David L. Cochran, Jan Derks, Elena Figuero, Christoph H. F. Hämmerle, Lisa J. A. Heitz‐Mayfield, Guy Huynh‐Ba, Vincent J. Iacono, Ki‐Tae Koo, France Lambert, Laurie K. McCauley, Marc Quirynen, Stefan Renvert, Giovanni E. Salvi, Frank Schwarz, Dennis Tarnow, Cristiano Tomasi, Hom‐Lay Wang, Nicola U. Zitzmann · 发表于：Journal of Periodontology · 年份：2018 · DOI：10.1002/jper.17-0739 · 被引用次数：884 · 研究领域：Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes、Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments、Dental Radiography and Imaging

Abstract A classification for peri‐implant diseases and conditions was presented. Focused questions on the characteristics of peri‐implant health, peri‐implant mucositis, peri‐implantitis, and soft‐ and hard‐tissue deficiencies were addressed. Peri‐implant health is characterized by the absence of erythema, bleeding on probing, swelling, and suppuration. It is not possible to define a range of probing depths compatible with health; Peri‐implant health can exist around implants with reduced bone support. The main clinical characteristic of peri‐implant mucositis is bleeding on gentle probing. Erythema, swelling, and/or suppuration may also be present. An increase in probing depth is often observed in the presence of peri‐implant mucositis due to swelling or decrease in probing resistance. There is strong evidence from animal and human experimental studies that plaque is the etiological factor for peri‐implant mucositis. Peri‐implantitis is a plaque‐associated pathological condition occurring in tissues around dental implants, characterized by inflammation in the peri‐implant mucosa and subsequent progressive loss of supporting bone. Peri‐implantitis sites exhibit clinical signs of inflammation, bleeding on probing, and/or suppuration, increased probing depths and/or recession of the mucosal margin in addition to radiographic bone loss. The evidence is equivocal regarding the effect of keratinized mucosa on the long‐term health of the peri‐implant tissue. It appears, however, t...