Sensors Applied for the Detection of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Freshwaters

作者：Hongyong Xiang, Qinghua Cai, Yuan Li, Zhenxing Zhang, Lina Cao, Kun Li, Haijun Yang · 发表于：Journal of Sensors · 年份：2020 · DOI：10.1155/2020/8503491 · 被引用次数：57 · 研究领域：Electrochemical Analysis and Applications、Analytical Chemistry and Sensors、Water Quality Monitoring Technologies

Water is essential for every life living on the planet. However, we are facing a more serious situation such as water pollution since the industrial revolution. Fortunately, many efforts have been done to alleviate/restore water quality in freshwaters. Numerous sensors have been developed to monitor the dynamic change of water quality for ecological, early warning, and protection reasons. In the present review, we briefly introduced the pollution status of two major pollutants, i.e., pesticides and heavy metals, in freshwaters worldwide. Then, we collected data on the sensors applied to detect the two categories of pollutants in freshwaters. Special focuses were given on the sensitivity of sensors indicated by the limit of detection (LOD), sensor types, and applied waterbodies. Our results showed that most of the sensors can be applied for stream and river water. The average LOD was 72.53 ± 12.69 ng/ml ( n = 180 ) for all pesticides, which is significantly higher than that for heavy metals ( 65.36 ± 47.51 ng/ml, n = 117 ). However, the LODs of a considerable part of pesticides and heavy metal sensors were higher than the criterion maximum concentration for aquatic life or the maximum contaminant limit concentration for drinking water. For pesticide sensors, the average LODs did not differ among insecticides ( 63.83 ± 17.42 ng/ml, n = 87 ), herbicides ( 98.06 ± 23.39 ng/ml, n = 71 ), and fungicides ( 24.60 ± 14.41 ng/ml, n = 22 ). T...