The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

作者：Sadaf G Sepanlou, Saeid Safiri, Catherine Bisignano, Kevin S Ikuta, Shahin Merat, Mehdi Saberifiroozi, Hossein Poustchi, Derrick Tsoi, Danny V. Colombara, Amir Abdoli, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Mohsen Afarideh, Sutapa Agrawal, Sohail Ahmad, Elham Ahmadian, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Tomi Akinyemiju, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Vahid Alipour, Amir Almasi‐Hashiani, Abdulaziz M. Almulhim, Rajaa Al‐Raddadi, Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán, Nahla Anber, Colin Angus, Amir Anoushiravani, Jalal Arabloo, Ephrem Mebrahtu Araya, Daniel Asmelash, Bahar Ataeinia, Zerihun Ataro, Maha Atout, Floriane Ausloos, Ashish Awasthi, Alaa Badawi, Maciej Banach, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramírez, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Antonio Biondi, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Archith Boloor, Antonio Maria Borzì, Zahid A Butt, Luis LA Alberto Cámera, Ismael Campos‐Nonato, Félix Carvalho, Dinh‐Toi Chu, Sheng‐Chia Chung, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Vera Marisa Costa, Benjamin C Cowie, Ahmad Daryani, Barbora de Courten, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Rupak Desai, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Shirin Djalalinia, Hoa Do, Fariba Dorostkar, Thomas M Drake, Manisha Dubey, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Andem Effiong, Aziz Eftekhari, Aisha Elsharkawy, Arash Etemadi, Mohammad Farahmand, Farshad Farzadfar, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Birhanu Geta, Syed Amir Gilani, Paramjit Gill, Reyna Alma Gutirrez, Michael Tamene Haile, Arvin Haj‐Mirzaian, Saeed Hamid, Milad Hasankhani, Amir Hasanzadeh, Maryam Hashemian, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Behnam Heidari, Andualem Henok, Chi Linh Hoang, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Vivian Chia-Rong Hsieh, Ehimario Igumbor, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Nader Jafari Balalami, Spencer L James, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Ravi Prakash Jha, Jost B Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Ali Kabir, Amir Kasaeian, Hagazi Gebremedhin Kassaye, Adane Teshome Kefale, Rovshan Khalilov, Muhammad Ali Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Amir M Khater, Yun Jin Kim, Ai Koyanagi, Carlo La Vecchia, Lee‐Ling Lim, Alan D Lopez, Stefan Lorkowski, Paulo A. Lotufo, Rafael Lozano, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Hue Thi Mai, Navid Manafi, Amir Manafi, Mohammad Alì Mansournia, LG Mantovani, Giampiero Mazzaglia, Dhruv Mehta, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G. Menezes, Melkamu Merid Mengesha, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Meštrović, Bartosz Miazgowski, Ted R. Miller, Erkin М Мirrakhimov, Prasanna Mithra, Babak Moazen, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Pablo A. Montero-Zamora, Ghobad Moradi, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Vinod C Nayak, Ionuţ Negoi, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Richard Ofori‐Asenso, In‐Hwan Oh, Tinuke O Olagunju, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Keyvan Pakshir, Adrian Pană, Mona Pathak, Akram Pourshams, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Saleem Muhammad M Rana, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Robert C. Reiner, Leonardo Roever, Robin Room, Gholamreza Roshandel, Saeed Safari, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Benn Sartorius, María Inês Schmidt, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Masood Ali Shaikh, Mehdi Sharif, Amrollah Sharifi, Mika Shigematsu, Jasvinder A. Singh, Amin Soheili, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Berhane Fseha Teklehaimanot, Berhe Etsay Tesfay, Marco Vacante, Amir Vahedian‐Azimi, Pascual Valdéz, Tommi Vasankari, Giang Thu Vu, Yasir Waheed, Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs, Andrea Werdecker, Ronny Westerman, Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash, Adam Wondmieneh, Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Zoubida Zaidi, Afshin Zarghi, Shira Zelber‐Sagi, Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Xiu-Ju Zhao, Mohsen Naghavi, Reza Malekzadeh · 发表于：˜The œLancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 年份：2020 · DOI：10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30349-8 · 被引用次数：1745 · 研究领域：Liver Disease and Transplantation、Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment、Nutrition and Health in Aging

BACKGROUND: Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases (collectively referred to as cirrhosis in this paper) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, although the burden and underlying causes differ across locations and demographic groups. We report on results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 on the burden of cirrhosis and its trends since 1990, by cause, sex, and age, for 195 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from vital registrations, vital registration samples, and verbal autopsies to estimate mortality. We modelled prevalence of total, compensated, and decompensated cirrhosis on the basis of hospital and claims data. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were calculated as the sum of years of life lost due to premature death and years lived with disability. Estimates are presented as numbers and age-standardised or age-specific rates per 100 000 population, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). All estimates are presented for five causes of cirrhosis: hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and other causes. We compared mortality, prevalence, and DALY estimates with those expected according to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) as a proxy for the development status of regions and countries. FINDINGS: In 2017, cirrhosis caused more than 1·32 million (95% UI 1·27-1·45) deaths (440 000 [416 000-518 000; 33·3%] in females and 883 000 [838 000-967 0...