Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HepG2 cells induced by the imidazole ionic liquid 1‐dodecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride

作者：Peijin Wang, Ruyan Wan, Weiran Huo, Hui Dong, Zhongjie Chang, Xiaohua Xia · 发表于：Environmental Toxicology · 年份：2020 · DOI：10.1002/tox.22901 · 被引用次数：26 · 研究领域：Ionic liquids properties and applications、Chemistry and Chemical Engineering、Synthesis and Biological Evaluation

Abstract This study purposes to assess the cytotoxicity of 1‐dodecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([C 12 min]Cl) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. To this end, HepG2 cells were exposed to a range concentration of [C 12 min]Cl and evaluated cell viability, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, cell cycle, and apoptosis‐related gene expression to determine cytotoxicity. The outcomes showed that [C 12 min]Cl curbed HepG2 cell growth and reduced cell viability in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Moreover, our assay results also revealed that exposure to [C 12 min]Cl prompted DNA damage and apoptosis, reduced SOD and GSH content, enhanced MDA level, and changed the cell cycle of HepG2 cells. In addition, [C 12 min] Cl caused alters in the expression levels of p53 , Bax , and Bcl‐2 , indicating that p53 and Bcl‐2 family may be involved in the cytotoxicity and apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by [C 12 min]C1. In summary, these results indicate that [C 12 min]Cl exerts genotoxicity, physiological toxicity and prompts apoptosis in HepG2 cells, and is not an alleged green solvent.