Physiological Implications of Orexins/Hypocretins on Energy Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Development

作者：Lingbin Liu, Qigui Wang, Anfang Liu, Xi Lan, Yongfu Huang, Zhongquan Zhao, Hang Jie, Juncai Chen, Yongju Zhao · 发表于：ACS Omega · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1021/acsomega.9b03106 · 被引用次数：31 · 研究领域：Sleep and Wakefulness Research、Sleep and related disorders、Regulation of Appetite and Obesity

Orexins/hypocretins and their receptors (OXRs) are ubiquitously distributed throughout the nervous system and peripheral tissues. Recently, various reports have indicated that orexins play regulatory roles in numerous physiological processes involved in obesity, energy homeostasis, sleep-wake cycle, analgesia, alcoholism, learning, and memory. This review aims to outline recent progress in the research and development of orexins used in biochemical signaling pathways, secretion pathways, and the regulation of energy metabolism/adipose tissue development. Orexins regulate a variety of physiological functions in the body by activating phospholipase C/protein kinase C and AC/cAMP/PKA pathways, through receptors coupled to Gq and Gi/Gs, respectively. The secretion of orexins is modulated by blood glucose, blood lipids, hormones, and neuropeptides. Orexins have critical functions in energy metabolism, regulating both feeding behavior and energy expenditure. Increasing the sensitivity of orexin-coupled hypothalamic neurons concurrently enhances spontaneous physical activity, non-exercise activity thermogenesis, white adipose tissue lipolysis, and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. With this comprehensive review of the current literature on the subject, we hope to provide an integrated perspective for the prevention/treatment of obesity.