Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution, Black Carbon, and Their Source Components in Relation to Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke

作者：Petter L.S. Ljungman, Niklas Worm Andersson, Leo Stockfelt, Eva M. Andersson, Johan Nilsson Sommar, Kristina Eneroth, Lars Gidhagen, Christer Johansson, Anton Lager, Karin Leander, Péter Molnár, Nancy L. Pedersen, Debora Rizzuto, Annika Rosengren, David Segersson, Patrik Wennberg, Lars Barregård, Bertil Forsberg, Gerd Sällsten, Tom Bellander, Göran Pershagen · 发表于：Environmental Health Perspectives · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1289/ehp4757 · 被引用次数：177 · 研究领域：Air Quality and Health Impacts、COVID-19 impact on air quality、Energy and Environment Impacts

Abstract Background: Long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) in ambient air has been associated with cardiovascular mortality, but few studies have considered incident disease in relation to PM from different sources. Objectives: We aimed to study associations between long-term exposure to different types of PM and sources, and incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in three Swedish cities. Methods: Based on detailed emission databases, monitoring data, and high-resolution dispersion models, we calculated source contributions to PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤10μm (PM10), PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5), and black carbon (BC) from road wear, traffic exhaust, residential heating, and other sources in Gothenburg, Stockholm, and Umeå. Registry data for participants from four cohorts were used to obtain incidence of IHD and stroke for first hospitalization or death. We constructed time windows of exposure for same-year, 1- to 5-y, and 6- to 10-y averages preceding incidence from annual averages at residential addresses. Risk estimates were based on random effects meta-analyses of cohort-specific Cox proportional hazard models. Results: We observed 5,166 and 3,119 incident IHD and stroke cases, respectively, in 114,758 participants. Overall, few consistent associations were observed between the different air pollution measures and IHD or stroke incidence. However, same-year levels of ambient locally emitted BC (range: 0.01−4.6 μg/m3) were associated with...