Origin and Transformation of Light Hydrocarbons Ascending at an Active Pockmark on Vestnesa Ridge, Arctic Ocean

作者：Thomas Pape, Stefan Bünz, Wei‐Li Hong, Marta E. Torres, Michael Riedel, Giuliana Panieri, Aivo Lepland, Chieh‐Wei Hsu, Paul Wintersteller, Klaus Wallmann, Christopher Schmidt, Haoyi Yao, Gerhard Bohrmann · 发表于：Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1029/2018jb016679 · 被引用次数：36 · 研究领域：Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena、Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis、Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics

Abstract We report on the geochemistry of hydrocarbons and pore waters down to 62.5 mbsf, collected by drilling with the MARUM‐MeBo70 and by gravity coring at the Lunde pockmark in the Vestnesa Ridge. Our data document the origin and transformations of volatiles feeding gas emissions previously documented in this region. Gas hydrates are present where a fracture network beneath the pockmark focusses migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons characterized by their C 1 /C 2+ and stable isotopic compositions (δ 2 H‐CH 4 , δ 13 C‐CH 4 ). Measured geothermal gradients (~80 °C/km) and known formation temperatures (>70 °C) suggest that those hydrocarbons are formed at depths >800 mbsf. A combined analytical/modeling approach, including concentration and isotopic mass balances, reveals that pockmark sediments experience diffuse migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons. However, at sites without channeled flow this appears to be limited to depths >~50 mbsf. At all sites we document a contribution of microbial methanogenesis to the overall carbon cycle that includes a component of secondary carbonate reduction—that is, reduction of dissolved inorganic carbon generated by anaerobic oxidation of methane in the uppermost methanogenic zone. Anaerobic oxidation of methane and carbonate reduction rates are spatially variable within the pockmark and are highest at high‐flux sites. These reactions are revealed by 13 C depletions of dissolved inorganic carbon at the sulfate‐methane interface ...