Free-Ranging Pig and Wild Boar Interactions in an Endemic Area of African Swine Fever

作者：Estefanía Cadenas-Fernández, José Manuel Sánchez‐Vizcaíno, Antonio Pintore, Daniele Denurra, Marcella Cherchi, Cristina Jurado, Joaquín Vicente, José Á. Barasona · 发表于：Frontiers in Veterinary Science · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.3389/fvets.2019.00376 · 被引用次数：66 · 研究领域：Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology、Vector-Borne Animal Diseases、Viral Infections and Immunology Research

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is spreading throughout Eurasia and there is no vaccine nor treatment available, so the control is based on the implementation of strict sanitary measures. These measures include depopulation of infected and in-contact animals and export restrictions, which can lead to important economic losses, making currently African swine fever (ASF) the greatest threat to the global swine industry. ASF has been endemic on the island of Sardinia since 1978, the longest persistence of anywhere in Eurasia. In Sardinia, eradication programs have failed, in large part due to the lack of farm professionalism, the high density of wild boar and the presence of non-registered domestic pigs (free-ranging pigs). In order to clarify how the virus is transmitted from domestic to wild swine, we examined the interaction between free-ranging pigs and wild boar in an ASF-endemic area of Sardinia. To this end, a field study was carried out on direct and indirect interactions, using monitoring by camera trapping in different areas and risk points. Critical time windows (CTWs) for the virus to survive in the environment (long window) and remain infectious (short window) were estimated, and based on these, the number of indirect interactions were determined. Free-ranging pigs indirectly interacted often with wild boar (long window = 6.47 interactions/day, short window = 1.31 interactions/day) and these interactions (long window) were mainly at water sources. They also directl...