Benefits and trade‐offs of replacing synthetic fertilizers by animal manures in crop production in China: A meta‐analysis

作者：Xiaoying Zhang, Qunchao Fang, Tao Zhang, Wenqi Ma, Gerard L. Velthof, Yong Hou, O. Oenema, Fusuo S. Zhang · 发表于：Global Change Biology · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1111/gcb.14826 · 被引用次数：442 · 研究领域：Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics、Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact、Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics

Abstract Recycling of livestock manure to agricultural land may reduce the use of synthetic fertilizer and thereby enhance the sustainability of food production. However, the effects of substitution of fertilizer by manure on crop yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and emissions of ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ) as function of soil and manure properties, experimental duration and application strategies have not been quantified systematically and convincingly yet. Here, we present a meta‐analysis of these effects using results of 143 published studies in China. Results indicate that the partial substitution of synthetic fertilizers by manure significantly increased the yield by 6.6% and 3.3% for upland crop and paddy rice, respectively, but full substitution significantly decreased yields (by 9.6% and 4.1%). The response of crop yields to manure substitution varied with soil pH and experimental durations, with relatively large positive responses in acidic soils and long‐term experiments. NUE increased significantly at a moderate ratio (<40%) of substitution. NH 3 emissions were significantly lower with full substitution (62%–77%), but not with partial substitution. Emissions of CH 4 from paddy rice significantly increased with substitution ratio (SR), and varied by application rates and manure types, but N 2 O emissions decreased. The SR did not significantly influence N 2 O emissions from upland soils, and a relative scarcity of data on certain ...