Prevalence and correlates of cardiometabolic multimorbidity among hypertensive individuals: a cross-sectional study in rural South Asia—Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka

作者：Liang Feng, Imtiaz Jehan, H Asita de Silva, Aliya Naheed, Hamida Farazdaq, Samina Hirani, Anuradhani Kasturiratne, Channa D Ranasinha, Md Tauhidul Islam, Ali Tanweer Siddiquee, Tazeen H. Jafar · 发表于：BMJ Open · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030584 · 被引用次数：39 · 研究领域：Chronic Disease Management Strategies、Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins、Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To determinate the prevalence and correlates of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), and their cross-country variation among individuals with hypertension residing in rural communities in South Asia. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Rural communities in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2288 individuals with hypertension aged ≥40 years from the ongoing Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation- Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka clinical trial. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: CMM was defined as the presence of ≥2 of the conditions: diabetes, chronic kidney disease, heart disease and stroke. Logistic regression was done to evaluate the correlates of CMM. RESULTS: About 25.4% (95% CI 23.6% to 27.2%) of the hypertensive individuals had CMM. Factors positively associated with CMM included residing in Bangladesh (OR 3.42, 95% CI 2.52 to 4.65) or Sri Lankan (3.73, 95% CI 2.48 to 5.61) versus in Pakistan, advancing age (2.33, 95% CI 1.59 to 3.40 for 70 years and over vs 40-49 years), higher waist circumference (2.15, 95% CI 1.42 to 3.25) for Q2-Q3 and 2.14, 95% CI 1.50 to 3.06 for Q3 and above), statin use (2.43, 95% CI 1.84 to 3.22), and higher levels of triglyceride (1.01, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.02 per 5 mg/dL increase). A lower odds of CMM was associated with being physically active (0.75, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.97). A weak inverted J-shaped association between International Wealth Index and CMM was found (p for non-linear=0.058), suggesting higher...