Exercise Training Modulates Gut Microbiota Profile and Improves Endotoxemia

作者：Kumail K. Motiani, María Carmen Collado, Jari‐Joonas Eskelinen, Kirsi A. Virtanen, Eliisa Löyttyniemi, Seppo Salminen, Pirjo Nuutila, Kari K. Kalliokoski, Jarna C. Hannukainen · 发表于：Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1249/mss.0000000000002112 · 被引用次数：339 · 研究领域：Gut microbiota and health、Exercise and Physiological Responses、Muscle metabolism and nutrition

INTRODUCTION: Intestinal metabolism and microbiota profiles are impaired in obesity and insulin resistance. Moreover, dysbiotic gut microbiota has been suggested to promote systemic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance through the release of endotoxins particularly lipopolysaccharides. We have previously shown that exercise training improves intestinal metabolism in healthy men. To understand whether changes in intestinal metabolism interact with gut microbiota and its release of inflammatory markers, we studied the effects of sprint interval (SIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on intestinal metabolism and microbiota in subjects with insulin resistance. METHODS: Twenty-six, sedentary subjects (prediabetic, n = 9; type 2 diabetes, n = 17; age, 49 [SD, 4] yr; body mass index, 30.5 [SD, 3]) were randomized into SIT or MICT. Intestinal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) and fatty acid uptake (FAU) from circulation were measured using positron emission tomography. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and serum inflammatory markers with multiplex assays and enzyme-linked immunoassay kit. RESULTS: V˙O2peak improved only after SIT (P = 0.01). Both training modes reduced systematic and intestinal inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, lipopolysaccharide binding protein) (time P < 0.05). Training modified microbiota profile by increasing Bacteroidetes phylum (time P = 0.03) and decreasing Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes r...