Overview of size distribution, concentration, and dry deposition of airborne particulate elements measured worldwide

作者：Abdulla Al Mamun, Irene Cheng, Leiming Zhang, Ewa Dąbek-Złotorzyńska, Jean‐Pierre Charland · 发表于：Environmental Reviews · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1139/er-2019-0035 · 被引用次数：46 · 研究领域：Air Quality and Health Impacts、Heavy metals in environment、Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact

This article reviews the current knowledge of the size distributions, concentrations, and dry deposition fluxes of airborne particulate elements, with a particular focus on 13 priority toxic metals or metalloids (Sb, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Se, Ag, Tl, and Zn). Reviewed studies comprise diverse emission sources and environments including urban, industrial, suburban, rural, traffic, and coastal sites. The primary modes of the size distributions of some elements are generally consistent among these environments, whereas size distributions of other elements significantly vary with individual samplings and meteorological conditions. Most of the toxic elements (Sb, As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Se, Ag, Tl, and Zn) originate primarily from anthropogenic sources and demonstrate their major peak(s) in the fine mode (<2.5 μm). Fine fraction (PM 2.5 /PM 10 ) of these elements in urban–industrial sites vary from 0.68 (Ni) to 0.82 (Cd). Size distributions of the other toxic elements (Be, Cr, Cu, and Hg) vary with season and the proximity of the sampling sites to potential sources. Among the 13 toxic elements, Zn, Pb, and Cu are the most abundant, whereas Be, Hg, and Tl are the least abundant. The median concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cu in PM 10 are 24.3, 3.77, and 15.5 ng/m 3 in North America; 72.3, 23.8, and 19.3 ng/m 3 in Europe; and 425, 192, and 26.2 ng/m 3 in Asia, respectively. Ambient concentrations of most toxic metals or metalloids in PM 2.5 and PM 10 are higher in Asia than Europe...