BPA Alters Estrogen Receptor Expression in the Heart After Viral Infection Activating Cardiac Mast Cells and T Cells Leading to Perimyocarditis and Fibrosis

作者：Katelyn A. Bruno, Jessica Mathews, Alex Lingyun Yang, J. Augusto Frisancho, Ashley Jennie Scott, Henry Greyner, Frank Molina, Merci S. Greenaway, George Cooper, Adriana Bucek, Andrea Carolina Morales-Lara, Anneliese R. Hill, Anna A. Mease, Damian Nicolas Di Florio, John M. Sousou, Alexandria Christine Coronado, Allison Ray Stafford, DeLisa Fairweather · 发表于：Frontiers in Endocrinology · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.3389/fendo.2019.00598 · 被引用次数：75 · 研究领域：Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals

Myocarditis is an inflammatory heart disease that leads to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure. Sex hormones play an important role in the development of myocarditis with testosterone driving disease in males and estrogen being cardioprotective in females. The human population is widely exposed to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) from plastics such as water bottles, plastic food containers, copy paper and receipts. Several clinical and numerous animal studies have found an association between elevated BPA levels and cardiovascular disease. A recent report found elevated levels of BPA in the serum of patients with DCM compared to healthy controls. In this study we examined whether exposure to BPA for two weeks prior to viral infection and leading up to myocarditis at day 10 altered inflammation in female BALB/c mice housed in standard plastic cages/water bottles with soy-free food and bedding. We found that a human relevant dose of BPA (25µg/L) in drinking water, with an estimated exposure of 5µg BPA/kg BW, significantly increased myocarditis and pericarditis compared to control water without altering viral genome levels in the heart. BPA exposure activated ERa and ERb in the spleen 24 hours after infection and phosphorylated ERa and ERb during myocarditis, but decreased ERa and increased ERb mRNA in the heart as measured by qRT-PCR. Exposure to BPA significantly increased CD4+ T cells, IFNg, IL-17A, TLR4, caspase-1, and IL-1b in the heart. BPA exposure als...