Marijuana Use in Pregnancy: A Review

作者：Rebecca Thompson, Katherine N. DeJong, Jamie O. Lo · 发表于：Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1097/ogx.0000000000000685 · 被引用次数：112 · 研究领域：Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research、Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects、Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

IMPORTANCE: Marijuana is the most commonly used dependent substance in pregnancy. The main active chemical of marijuana (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) readily crosses the placenta, and cannabinoid receptors have been identified in fetal brain and placenta. As a result, prenatal marijuana use could potentially have detrimental impact on fetal development. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to summarize the existing literature and current recommendations for marijuana use while pregnant or lactating. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A PubMed literature search using the following terms was performed to gather relevant data: "cannabis," "cannabinoids," "marijuana," "fetal outcomes," "perinatal outcomes," "pregnancy," "lactation." RESULTS: Available studies on marijuana exposure in pregnancy were reviewed and support some degree of developmental disruption, including an increased risk of fetal growth restriction and adverse neurodevelopmental consequences. However, much of the existing prenatal marijuana research was performed in the 1980s, when quantities of THC were lower and the frequency of use was less. Additionally, most human studies are also limited and conflicting as most studies have been observational or retrospective, relying primarily on patient self-report and confounded by polysubstance abuse and small sample sizes, precluding determination of a causal effect specific for marijuana. Given the paucity of evidence, it is currently recommended to avoid using marijuana while pregna...