Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed

作者：Kimberly J. Komatsu, Meghan L. Avolio, Nathan P. Lemoine, Forest Isbell, Emily Grman, Gregory R. Houseman, Sally E. Koerner, David Samuel Johnson, Kevin R. Wilcox, Juha M. Alatalo, John P. Anderson, Rien Aerts, Sara G. Baer, Andrew H. Baldwin, Jonathan D. Bates, Carl Beierkuhnlein, R. Travis Belote, John M. Blair, Juliette Bloor, Patrick J. Bohlen, Edward W. Bork, Elizabeth H. Boughton, William D. Bowman, Andrea J. Britton, James F. Cahill, Enrique J. Chaneton, Nona R. Chiariello, Jimin Cheng, Scott L. Collins, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Guozhen Du, Anu Eskelinen, Jennifer Firn, Bryan L. Foster, Laura Gough, Katherine L. Gross, Lauren M. Hallett, Xingguo Han, Harry Harmens, Mark J. Hovenden, Annika K. Jägerbrand, Anke Jentsch, Christel C. Kern, Kari Klanderud, Alan K. Knapp, Jüergen Kreyling, Wei Li, Yiqi Luo, Rebecca L. McCulley, Jennie R. McLaren, J. Patrick Megonigal, John W. Morgan, V. G. Onipchenko, Steven C. Pennings, Janet S. Prevéy, Jodi N. Price, Peter B. Reich, Clare H. Robinson, Francis Russell, Osvaldo E. Sala, Eric W. Seabloom, Melinda D. Smith, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Lara Souza, Katherine Suding, K. Blake Suttle, Tony J. Svejcar, David Tilman, Pedro M. Tognetti, Roy Turkington, Shannon R. White, Zhuwen Xu, Laura Yahdjian, Qiang Yu, Pengfei Zhang, Yunhai Zhang · 发表于：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1073/pnas.1819027116 · 被引用次数：246 · 研究领域：Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies、Species Distribution and Climate Change、Land Use and Ecosystem Services

Global change drivers (GCDs) are expected to alter community structure and consequently, the services that ecosystems provide. Yet, few experimental investigations have examined effects of GCDs on plant community structure across multiple ecosystem types, and those that do exist present conflicting patterns. In an unprecedented global synthesis of over 100 experiments that manipulated factors linked to GCDs, we show that herbaceous plant community responses depend on experimental manipulation length and number of factors manipulated. We found that plant communities are fairly resistant to experimentally manipulated GCDs in the short term (<10 y). In contrast, long-term (≥10 y) experiments show increasing community divergence of treatments from control conditions. Surprisingly, these community responses occurred with similar frequency across the GCD types manipulated in our database. However, community responses were more common when 3 or more GCDs were simultaneously manipulated, suggesting the emergence of additive or synergistic effects of multiple drivers, particularly over long time periods. In half of the cases, GCD manipulations caused a difference in community composition without a corresponding species richness difference, indicating that species reordering or replacement is an important mechanism of community responses to GCDs and should be given greater consideration when examining consequences of GCDs for the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship. Human acti...