Chronic intermittent electronic cigarette exposure induces cardiac dysfunction and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein-E knockout mice

作者：Jorge Espinoza‐Derout, Kamrul M. Hasan, Xuesi M. Shao, Maria C. Jordan, Carl Sims, Desean L. Lee, Satyesh K. Sinha, Zena Simmons, Norma Mtume, Yanjun Liu, Kenneth P. Roos, Amiya P. Sinha‐Hikim, Theodore C. Friedman · 发表于：American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1152/ajpheart.00738.2018 · 被引用次数：108 · 研究领域：Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity、Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress、Fatty Acid Research and Health

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), also known as electronic nicotine delivery systems, are a popular alternative to conventional nicotine cigarettes, both among smokers and those who have never smoked. In spite of the widespread use of e-cigarettes and the proposed detrimental cardiac and atherosclerotic effects of nicotine, the effects of e-cigarettes on these systems are not known. In this study, we investigated the cardiovascular and cardiac effects of e-cigarettes with and without nicotine in apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE −/− ) mice. We developed an e-cigarette exposure model that delivers nicotine in a manner similar to that of human e-cigarettes users. Using commercially available e-cigarettes, bluCig PLUS, ApoE −/− mice were exposed to saline, e-cigarette without nicotine [e-cigarette (0%)], and e-cigarette with 2.4% nicotine [e-cigarette (2.4%)] aerosol for 12 wk. Echocardiographic data show that mice treated with e-cigarette (2.4%) had decreased left ventricular fractional shortening and ejection fraction compared with e-cigarette (0%) and saline. Ventricular transcriptomic analysis revealed changes in genes associated with metabolism, circadian rhythm, and inflammation in e-cigarette (2.4%)-treated ApoE −/− mice. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that cardiomyocytes of mice treated with e-cigarette (2.4%) exhibited ultrastructural abnormalities indicative of cardiomyopathy. Additionally, we observed increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA mutat...