A Growth-Based Framework for Leaf Shape Development and Diversity

作者：Daniel Kierzkowski, Adam Runions, Francesco Vuolo, Soeren Strauss, Rena Lymbouridou, Anne‐Lise Routier‐Kierzkowska, David Wilson‐Sánchez, Hannah Jenke, Carla Galinha, Gabriella Mosca, Zhongjuan Zhang, Claudia Canales, Raffaele Dello Ioio, Peter Huijser, Richard S. Smith, Miltos Tsiantis · 发表于：Cell · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.011 · 被引用次数：285 · 研究领域：Plant Molecular Biology Research、Plant Reproductive Biology、Tree Root and Stability Studies

How do genes modify cellular growth to create morphological diversity? We study this problem in two related plants with differently shaped leaves: Arabidopsis thaliana (simple leaf shape) and Cardamine hirsuta (complex shape with leaflets). We use live imaging, modeling, and genetics to deconstruct these organ-level differences into their cell-level constituents: growth amount, direction, and differentiation. We show that leaf shape depends on the interplay of two growth modes: a conserved organ-wide growth mode that reflects differentiation; and a local, directional mode that involves the patterning of growth foci along the leaf edge. Shape diversity results from the distinct effects of two homeobox genes on these growth modes: SHOOTMERISTEMLESS broadens organ-wide growth relative to edge-patterning, enabling leaflet emergence, while REDUCED COMPLEXITY inhibits growth locally around emerging leaflets, accentuating shape differences created by patterning. We demonstrate the predictivity of our findings by reconstructing key features of C. hirsuta leaf morphology in A. thaliana. VIDEO ABSTRACT.