Biodegrading Two Pesticide Residues in Paddy Plants and the Environment by a Genetically Engineered Approach

作者：Xiang Ning Su, Jing Jing Zhang, Jintong Liu, Nan Zhang, Ya Li, Feng Lü, Zhao Jie Chen, Zhan Shi, Wen Jing, Chang Liu, Hong Yang · 发表于：Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07251 · 被引用次数：73 · 研究领域：Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies、Insect Resistance and Genetics、Genetically Modified Organisms Research

Accumulating pesticide (and herbicide) residues in soils have become a serious environmental problem. This study focused on identifying the removal of two widely used pesticides, isoproturon (IPU) and acetochlor (ACT), by a genetically developed paddy (or rice) plant overexpressing an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase (IRGT1). IRGT1 conferred plant resistance to isoproturon-acetochlor, which was manifested by attenuated cellular injury and alleviated toxicity of rice under isoproturon-acetochlor stress. A short-term study showed that IRGT1-transformed lines removed 33.3-48.3% of isoproturon and 39.8-53.5% of acetochlor from the growth medium, with only 59.5-72.1 and 58.9-70.4% of the isoproturon and acetochlor remaining in the plants compared with the levels in untransformed rice. This phenotype was confirmed by IRGT1-expression in yeast ( Pichia pastoris) which grew better and contained less isoproturon-acetochlor than the control cells. A long-term study showed that isoproturon-acetochlor concentrations at all developmental stages were significantly lower in the transformed rice, which contain only 59.3-69.2% (isoproturon) and 51.7-57.4% (acetochlor) of the levels in wild type. In contrast, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis revealed that more isoproturon-acetochlor metabolites were detected in the transformed rice. Sixteen metabolites of isoproturon and 19 metabolites of acetochlor were characterized in rice for Phase I reactions, and 9 isoproturon and 13 acetochlor conjugates we...