Methodological consensus on clinical proton MRS of the brain: Review and recommendations

作者：Martin Wilson, Ovidiu C. Andronesi, Peter B. Barker, Robert Bartha, Alberto Bizzi, Patrick J. Bolan, Kevin M. Brindle, In‐Young Choi, Cristina Cudalbu, Ulrike Dydak, Uzay E. Emir, R. Gilberto González, Stephan Gruber, Rolf Gruetter, Rakesh K. Gupta, Arend Heerschap, A Henning, Hoby P. Hetherington, Petra S. Hüppi, Ralph E. Hurd, Kejal Kantarci, Risto A. Kauppinen, Dennis W. J. Klomp, Roland Kreis, Marijn J. Kruiskamp, Martin O. Leach, Alexander Lin, Peter R. Luijten, Małgorzata Marjańska, Andrew A. Maudsley, Dieter J. Meyerhoff, Carolyn E. Mountford, Paul G. Mullins, James B. Murdoch, Sarah J. Nelson, Ralph Noeske, Gülin Öz, Julie W. Pan, Andrew C. Peet, Harish Poptani, Stefan Posse, Eva‐Maria Ratai, Nouha Salibi, Tom W. J. Scheenen, Ian C. P. Smith, Brian J. Soher, Ivan Tkáč, Daniel B. Vigneron, Franklyn A. Howe · 发表于：Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1002/mrm.27742 · 被引用次数：496 · 研究领域：Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications、Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research、Mitochondrial Function and Pathology

Proton MRS ( 1 H MRS) provides noninvasive, quantitative metabolite profiles of tissue and has been shown to aid the clinical management of several brain diseases. Although most modern clinical MR scanners support MRS capabilities, routine use is largely restricted to specialized centers with good access to MR research support. Widespread adoption has been slow for several reasons, and technical challenges toward obtaining reliable good‐quality results have been identified as a contributing factor. Considerable progress has been made by the research community to address many of these challenges, and in this paper a consensus is presented on deficiencies in widely available MRS methodology and validated improvements that are currently in routine use at several clinical research institutions. In particular, the localization error for the PRESS localization sequence was found to be unacceptably high at 3 T, and use of the semi‐adiabatic localization by adiabatic selective refocusing sequence is a recommended solution. Incorporation of simulated metabolite basis sets into analysis routines is recommended for reliably capturing the full spectral detail available from short TE acquisitions. In addition, the importance of achieving a highly homogenous static magnetic field (B 0 ) in the acquisition region is emphasized, and the limitations of current methods and hardware are discussed. Most recommendations require only software improvements, greatly enhancing the capabilities of cli...