PD-1 and PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy: clinical implications and future considerations

作者：Yongshuai Jiang, Ming Chen, Hong Nie, Yuanyang Yuan · 发表于：Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1080/21645515.2019.1571892 · 被引用次数：652 · 研究领域：Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers、Immune Cell Function and Interaction、Immunotherapy and Immune Responses

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a cell surface receptor that functions as a T cell checkpoint and plays a central role in regulating T cell exhaustion. Binding of PD-1 to its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), activates downstream signaling pathways and inhibits T cell activation. Moreover abnormally high PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and antigen-presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment mediates tumor immune escape, and the development of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies has recently become a hot topic in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review the structure of PD-1 and PD-L1, the function of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, the application of PD-1 or PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies and future directions for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies with combination therapies. Cancer immunotherapy using PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade may require more studies, and this approach may be curative for patients with many types of cancer in the future.