The DOE E3SM Coupled Model Version 1: Overview and Evaluation at Standard Resolution

作者：Jean‐Christophe Golaz, Peter Caldwell, Luke Van Roekel, Mark Petersen, Qi Tang, Jonathan D. Wolfe, Guta Wakbulcho Abeshu, Valentine Anantharaj, Xylar Asay‐Davis, David C. Bader, Sterling Baldwin, Gautam Bisht, Peter Bogenschutz, M. L. Branstetter, Michael A. Brunke, Steven Brus, Susannah M. Burrows, Philip Cameron‐Smith, Aaron S. Donahue, Michael Deakin, R. C. Easter, Katherine J. Evans, Yan Feng, M. Flanner, James Foucar, Jeremy Fyke, Brian M. Griffin, Cécile Hannay, Bryce E. Harrop, Mattthew J. Hoffman, Elizabeth Hunke, Robert Jacob, Douglas W. Jacobsen, Nicole Jeffery, Philip W. Jones, Noel D. Keen, Stephen A. Klein, Vincent E. Larson, L. Ruby Leung, Hong‐Yi Li, Wuyin Lin, William H. Lipscomb, Po‐Lun Ma, Salil Mahajan, Mathew Maltrud, Azamat Mametjanov, Julie L. McClean, Renata McCoy, Richard Neale, Stephen Price, Yun Qian, Philip J. Rasch, J. E. Jack Reeves Eyre, W. J. Riley, Todd D. Ringler, Andrew Roberts, Erika Roesler, Andrew G. Salinger, Zeshawn Shaheen, Xiaoying Shi, Balwinder Singh, Jinyun Tang, Mark A. Taylor, Peter Thornton, Adrian K. Turner, Milena Veneziani, Hui Wan, Hailong Wang, Shanlin Wang, D. N. Williams, Phillip Wolfram, Patrick H Worley, Shaocheng Xie, Yang Yang, Jin‐Ho Yoon, Mark D. Zelinka, Charles S. Zender, Xubin Zeng, Chengzhu Zhang, Kai Zhang, Yuying Zhang, Xue Zheng, Tian Zhou, Qing Zhu · 发表于：Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1029/2018ms001603 · 被引用次数：907 · 研究领域：Climate variability and models、Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics、Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations

Abstract This work documents the first version of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) new Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SMv1). We focus on the standard resolution of the fully coupled physical model designed to address DOE mission‐relevant water cycle questions. Its components include atmosphere and land (110‐km grid spacing), ocean and sea ice (60 km in the midlatitudes and 30 km at the equator and poles), and river transport (55 km) models. This base configuration will also serve as a foundation for additional configurations exploring higher horizontal resolution as well as augmented capabilities in the form of biogeochemistry and cryosphere configurations. The performance of E3SMv1 is evaluated by means of a standard set of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Characterization of Klima simulations consisting of a long preindustrial control, historical simulations (ensembles of fully coupled and prescribed SSTs) as well as idealized CO 2 forcing simulations. The model performs well overall with biases typical of other CMIP‐class models, although the simulated Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is weaker than many CMIP‐class models. While the E3SMv1 historical ensemble captures the bulk of the observed warming between preindustrial (1850) and present day, the trajectory of the warming diverges from observations in the second half of the twentieth century with a period of delayed warming followed by an excessive war...