Effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia/analgesia on the stress response, pain relief, hospital stay, and treatment costs of patients with esophageal carcinoma undergoing thoracic surgery

作者：Yan Li, Hongquan Dong, Shanbai Tan, Yanning Qian, Wenjie Jin · 发表于：Medicine · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1097/md.0000000000014362 · 被引用次数：45 · 研究领域：Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response、Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment、Anesthesia and Pain Management

BACKGROUND: Appropriate postoperative pain management can improve outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer (EC). OBJECTIVE: To compare different combinations of anesthesia and analgesia techniques in patients with EC undergoing open thoracotomy. METHODS: This randomized, controlled, open-label trial enrolled 100 patients with EC (aged 40-65 years; American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] grade I/II) receiving elective surgery at Jiangsu Province Hospital (China) between July 2016 and December 2017. Patients were randomized to 4 groups (n = 25 per group): total intravenous general anesthesia plus patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (TIVA/PCIA); TIVA plus patient-controlled epidural analgesia (TIVA/PCEA); thoracic epidural anesthesia with intravenous general anesthesia plus PCIA (TEA-IVA/PCIA); and TEA-IVA/PCEA (TEA-IVA plus PCEA). Primary outcomes were plasma cortisol level (measured at baseline, 2 h after skin incision, surgery completion, and 24 and 48 h post-surgery) and pain (assessed at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-surgery using a visual analog scale). Secondary outcomes included time to first flatus, hospital stay and treatment costs. Postoperative adverse events (AEs) were analyzed. RESULTS: Baseline and operative characteristics were similar between the 4 groups. Plasma cortisol level increased (P <.05 vs baseline) earlier in the TIVA groups (2 h after skin incision) than in the TEA-IVA groups (24 h after surgery). At 48 hours after surgery, plasma cortisol had...