Spatio-temporal characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and discrete typing units infecting hosts and vectors from non-domestic foci of Chile

作者：Camila Ihle-Soto, Eduardo Costoya, Juana P. Correa, Antonella Bacigalupo, Berenice Cornejo-Villar, Viviana Estadella, Aldo Solari, Sylvia Ortiz, Héctor J. Hernández, Carezza Botto‐Mahan, David E. Gorla, Pedro E. Cattan · 发表于：PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1371/journal.pntd.0007170 · 被引用次数：32 · 研究领域：Trypanosoma species research and implications、Parasites and Host Interactions、Research on Leishmaniasis Studies

BACKGROUND: Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that is transmitted by triatomine vectors to mammals. It is classified in six discrete typing units (DTUs). In Chile, domestic vectorial transmission has been interrupted; however, the parasite is maintained in non-domestic foci. The aim of this study was to describe T. cruzi infection and DTU composition in mammals and triatomines from several non-domestic populations of North-Central Chile and to evaluate their spatio-temporal variations. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A total of 710 small mammals and 1140 triatomines captured in six localities during two study periods (summer/winter) of the same year were analyzed by conventional PCR to detect kDNA of T. cruzi. Positive samples were DNA blotted and hybridized with specific probes for detection of DTUs TcI, TcII, TcV, and TcVI. Infection status was modeled, and cluster analysis was performed in each locality. We detected 30.1% of overall infection in small mammals and 34.1% in triatomines, with higher rates in synanthropic mammals and in M. spinolai. We identified infecting DTUs in 45 mammals and 110 triatomines, present more commonly as single infections; the most frequent DTU detected was TcI. Differences in infection rates among species, localities and study periods were detected in small mammals, and between triatomine species; temporally, infection presented opposite patterns between mammals and triatomines. Infection clustering was frequent in vectors, and one loc...