Organophosphite Antioxidants in Indoor Dust Represent an Indirect Source of Organophosphate Esters

作者：Runzeng Liu, Scott A. Mabury · 发表于：Environmental Science & Technology · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1021/acs.est.8b05545 · 被引用次数：157 · 研究领域：Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity、Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies、Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact

Precise determination of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the environment is crucial to estimating their potential toxicity effects on human health. Previous studies have mainly focused on OPEs from direct sources. This study explored a potential indirect source of OPEs: the oxidation of organophosphite antioxidants (OPAs). OPAs are frequently used to retard degradation in polymers through their oxidation to OPEs. In this work, five OPAs [tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, tris(2,4-di- tert -butylphenyl) phosphite, bis(2,4-di- tert -butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, and trisnonylphenol phosphite] could be identified, with geometric mean (GM) concentrations from 2.46 to 70.4 ng/g, in indoor dust. Their oxidation products, triisodecyl phosphate (TiDeP), tris(2,4-di- tert -butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168═O), bis(2,4-di- tert -butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphate (AO626═O 2 ), and trisnonylphenol phosphate (TNPP), were found at significantly higher GM concentrations (30.5–3759 ng/g). Surprisingly, two novel oxidation products AO168═O (GM: 3759 ng/g) and TNPP (GM: 2185 ng/g) had higher concentrations than tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (GM: 1608 ng/g) and triphenyl phosphate (GM: 1827 ng/g), which are well-known OPEs. These four novel OPEs (TiDeP, TNPP, AO168═O, AO626═O 2 ) contributed 54.1% to the total concentration of the eight OPEs. The present investigation demonstrates that oxidation of OPAs is an important indirect source of novel OPEs in indoor en...