An update on polyphenol disposition via coupled metabolic pathways

作者：Liping Wang, Rongjin Sun, Qisong Zhang, Qing Luo, Sijing Zeng, Xiaoyan Li, Xia Gong, Yuhuan Li, Linlin Lu, Ming Hu, Zhongqiu Liu · 发表于：Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · 年份：2018 · DOI：10.1080/17425255.2019.1559815 · 被引用次数：36 · 研究领域：Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer、Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms、Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress

INTRODUCTION: Polyphenols, which are widely distributed in plants and the human diets, are known to have numerous biological activities. However, the low bioavailability of polyphenols is mediated by coupled metabolic pathways. Areas covered: The key role of the interplay between drug metabolic enzymes (DMEs) and efflux transporters (ETs), nuclear receptors (NRs), and intestinal microflora in the disposition of polyphenols is summarized. Expert opinion: ETs are shown to act as a 'revolving door', facilitating and/or controlling cellular polyphenol glucuronide/sulfate excretion. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying the glucuronidation/sulfation-transport interplay and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of glucuronide/sulfate efflux by an ET is important. Some new physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models could be developed to predict the interplay between glucuronides/sulfates and ETs. Additionally, the combined actions of uridine-5'-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases, ETs, and intestinal microflora/enterocyte-derived β-glucuronidase enable triple recycling (local, enteric, and enterohepatic recycling), thereby increasing the residence time of polyphenols and their glucuronides in the local intestine and liver. Further studies are necessary to explore these recycling mechanisms and interactions between polyphenols and the intestinal microbiota. Since NRs govern the inducible expression of target genes that encode DMEs and ETs. Determination of the regulation m...