Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food

作者：EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Helle Katrine Knutsen, Jan Alexander, Lars Barregård, Margherita Bignami, Beat Johannes Brüschweiler, Sandra Ceccatelli, Bruce Cottrill, Michael Dinovi, Lutz Edler, Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp, Christer Högstrand, L.A.P. Hoogenboom, Carlo Nebbia, Isabelle P. Oswald, Annette Petersen, Martin Rose, Alain‐Claude Roudot, Christiane Vleminckx, Günter Vollmer, Heather Wallace, Laurent Bodin, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Þórhallur I. Halldórsson, Line Småstuen Haug, Niklas Johansson, Henk Van Loveren, Petra Gergelová, Karen Mackay, Sara Levorato, Mathijs van Manen, Tanja Schwerdtle · 发表于：EFSA Journal · 年份：2018 · DOI：10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194 · 被引用次数：516 · 研究领域：Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research、Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals、Air Quality and Health Impacts

The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in food. Regarding PFOS and PFOA occurrence, the final data set available for dietary exposure assessment contained a total of 20,019 analytical results (PFOS n = 10,191 and PFOA n = 9,828). There were large differences between upper and lower bound exposure due to analytical methods with insufficient sensitivity. The CONTAM Panel considered the lower bound estimates to be closer to true exposure levels. Important contributors to the lower bound mean chronic exposure were 'Fish and other seafood', 'Meat and meat products' and 'Eggs and egg products', for PFOS, and 'Milk and dairy products', 'Drinking water' and 'Fish and other seafood' for PFOA. PFOS and PFOA are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted in urine and faeces, and do not undergo metabolism. Estimated human half-lives for PFOS and PFOA are about 5 years and 2-4 years, respectively. The derivation of a health-based guidance value was based on human epidemiological studies. For PFOS, the increase in serum total cholesterol in adults, and the decrease in antibody response at vaccination in children were identified as the critical effects. For PFOA, the increase in serum total cholesterol was the critical effect. Also reduced birth weight (for both compounds) and increased prevalence of high serum levels of the liv...