How Do We Measure Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) at the Surface of Consumer Products?

作者：Andrea K. Tokranov, Nicole Nishizawa, Carlo A. Amadei, Jenny E. Zenobio, Heidi M. Pickard, Joseph G. Allen, Chad D. Vecitis, Elsie M. Sunderland · 发表于：Environmental Science & Technology Letters · 年份：2018 · DOI：10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00600 · 被引用次数：81 · 研究领域：Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research、Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols、Air Quality and Health Impacts

Exposures to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been linked to metabolic disruption, immunotoxicity, and cancer in humans. PFASs are known to be present in diverse consumer products including textiles and food packaging. Here, we present a new method for quantifying the atomic percent fluorine (% F) in the surficial 0.01 μm of consumer products using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface of food contact materials and textiles measured in this study contained up to 28% F and 45% F, respectively. PTFE tape was measured to demonstrate XPS accuracy and precision. Depth profiles of fluorine content in consumer products measured using XPS showed the highest levels at the upper-most surface in contact with the surrounding environment and a decrease below the surface. PFASs released in methanol extracts and quantified using traditional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry typically accounted for <1% of the fluorine measured with XPS in consumer products. We conclude that XPS is a useful technique for characterizing PFASs in consumer products because it can precisely quantify the surficial fluorine content of materials. XPS also allows identification of CF 2 and CF 3 groups in materials and can elucidate the depth-dependent distribution of fluorine in products.