Global, regional, and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

作者：Spencer L James, Alice Theadom, Richard G. Ellenbogen, Marlena S. Bannick, Wcliff Montjoy-Venning, Lydia R Lucchesi, Nooshin Abbasi, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Haftom Niguse Abraha, José Carmelo Adsuar, Mohsen Afarideh, Sutapa Agrawal, Alireza Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Amani Nidhal Aichour, Ibtihel Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Rufus Akinyemi, Nadia Akseer, Fares Alahdab, Animut Alebel, Suliman Alghnam, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Ubai Alsharif, Khalid A Altirkawi, Cătălina Liliana Andrei, Mina Anjomshoa, Hossein Ansari, Mustafa Geleto Ansha, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Filippo Ariani, Nigus Gebremedhin Asefa, Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom, Suleman Atique, Ashish Awasthi, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Ayuk Betrand Tambe, Peter Azzopardi, Hamid Badali, Alaa Badawi, Shivanthi Balalla, Amrit Banstola, Suzanne Barker‐Collo, Till Bärnighausen, Neeraj Bedi, Masoud Behzadifar, Meysam Behzadifar, Bayu Begashaw Bekele, Abate Bekele Belachew, Yihalem Abebe Belay, Derrick Bennett, Isabela M. Benseñor, Adugnaw Berhane, Mircea Beuran, Ashish Bhalla, Soumyadeeep Bhaumik, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Belete Biadgo, Marco Biffino, Ali Bijani, Nigus Bililign, Charles Birungi, Soufiane Boufous, Alexandra Bražinová, Allen W. Brown, Mate Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Juan Jesús Carrero, Félix Carvalho, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Ferrán Catalá-López, Yazan Chaiah, Ana Paula Silva Champs, Jung‐Chen Chang, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher, Cyrus Cooper, Christopher S. Crowe, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Ahmad Daryani, Dragoş Virgil Daviţoiu, Meaza Girma Degefa, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Kebede Deribe, Shirin Djalalinia, Huyen Phuc, David Teye Doku, Thomas M Drake, Manisha Dubey, Eleonora Dubljanin, Ziad El‐Khatib, Richard Ofori‐Asenso, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Alireza Esteghamati, Sadaf Esteghamati, André Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Mohammad Hosein Farzaei, Seyed‐Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Garumma Tolu Feyissa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Takeshi Fukumoto, Morasaleh Ganji, Fortuné Gbètoho Gankpé, Abadi Kahsu Gebre, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Gururaj Gopalkrishna, Alessandra C. Goulart, Juanita A. Haagsma, Arvin Haj‐Mirzaian, Arya Haj‐Mirzaian, Randah R Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, Josep María Haro, Hadi Hassankhani, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Rasmus Havmoeller, Caitlin Hawley, Simon I Hay, Mohamed Hegazy, Delia Hendrie, Andualem Henok, Desalegn Tsegaw Hibstu, Howard J. Hoffman, Michael K. Hole, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Seyed Mostafa Hosseini, Sorin Hostiuc, Guoqing Hu, Mamusha Aman Hussen, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Mihajlo Jakovljević, Sudha Jayaraman, Ravi Prakash Jha, Jost B. Jonas, Kelly Jones, Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Ali Kabir, Amaha Kahsay, Molla Kahssay, Rizwan Kalani, André Karch, Amir Kasaeian, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Tesfaye Kassa, Zemenu Yohannes Kassa, André Pascal Kengne, Yousef Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Nauman Khalid, Ibrahim Khalil, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Young‐Ho Khang, Habibolah Khazaie, Abdullah T Khoja, Jagdish Khubchandani, Ali Kiadaliri, Daniel Kim, Young‐Eun Kim, Adnan Kısa, Ai Koyanagi, Kristopher J Krohn, Barthélémy Kuate Defo, Burcu Küçük Biçer, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Ratilal Lalloo, Faris Lami, Van Charles Lansingh, Dennis Odai Laryea, Arman Latifi, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Miriam Levi, Shanshan Li, Misgan Legesse Liben, Paulo A. Lotufo, Raimundas Lunevičius, Narayan Bahadur Mahotra, Marek Majdán, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Ana-Laura Manda, Mohammad Alì Mansournia, Benjamin B. Massenburg, Kedar Mate, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Varshil Mehta, Hagazi Gebre Meles, Addisu Melese, Peter Memiah, Walter Mendoza, Getnet Mengistu, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Meštrović, Tomasz Miazgowski, Ted R. Miller, GK Mini, Andreea Mirică, Erkin М Мirrakhimov, Babak Moazen, Moslem Mohammadi, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Lorenzo Monasta, Stefania Mondello, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Ghobad Moradi, Mahmoudreza Moradi, Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh, Mehdi Moradinazar, Shane D. Morrison, Marilita M. Moschos, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Srinivas Murthy, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ghulam Mustafa, Mohsen Naghavi, Gurudatta Naik, Farid Najafi, Vinay Nangia, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Ionuţ Negoi, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Emma Nichols, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Yirga Legesse Nirayo, Peter S. Nyasulu, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In‐Hwan Oh, Anselm Okoro, Andrew T Olagunju, Tinuke O Olagunju, Pedro R. Olivares, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa Owolabi, P A Mahesh, Smita Pakhalé, Achyut Raj Pandey, Konrad Pesudovs, Gabriel David Pinilla-Monsalve, Suzanne Polinder, Hossein Poustchi, Swayam Prakash, Mostafa Qorbani, Amir Radfar, Anwar Rafay, Alireza Rafiei, Afarin Rahimi‐Movaghar, Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar, Mahfuzar Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Rajesh Kumar, Fatemeh Rajati, Usha Ram, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Robert C. Reiner, Cesar Reis, André M. N. Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Satar Rezaei, Shahab Rezaeian, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Gholamreza Roshandel, Nobhojit Roy, George Mugambage Ruhago, Basema Saddik, Hosein Safari, Saeid Safiri, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Payman Salamati, Raphael de Freitas Saldanha, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, João Vasco Santos, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Benn Sartorius, Maheswar Satpathy, Savuon Kim, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, David C. Schwebel, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Hosein Shabaninejad, Masood Ali Shaikh, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Mehdi Sharif, Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Jun She, Aziz Sheikh, Jiabin Shen, Kevin N. Sheth, Kenji Shibuya, Mekonnen Sisay Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Rahman Shiri, Ivy Shiue, Haitham Shoman, Soraya Siabani, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, João Pedro Silva, Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Mari Smith, Adauto Martins Soares Filho, Soheila Sobhani, Moslem Soofi, Joan B. Soriano, Ireneous N Soyiri, Dan J. Stein, Mark A. Stokes, Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Bruno Sunguya, Jacob E. Sunshine, Bryan L. Sykes, Cassandra Szoeke, Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos, Braden Te Ao, Arash Tehrani‐Banihashemi, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Mohamad‐Hani Temsah, Omar Temsah, Roman Topór-Mądry, Miguel Tortajada‐Girbés, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Lorainne Tudor Car, Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja, Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Usman, Olalekan A. Uthman, Pascual Valdéz, Tommi Vasankari, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Francesco Saverio Violante, Fasil Wagnew, Yasir Waheed, Yuan‐Pang Wang, Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs, Andrea Werdecker, Tissa Wijeratne, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Grant M. A. Wyper, Yuichiro Yano, Mehdi Yaseri, Yasin Jemal Yasin, Pengpeng Ye, Ebrahim M Yimer, Paul Yip, Engida Yisma, Naohiro Yonemoto, Seok‐Jun Yoon, Michael G. Yost, Mustafa Z Younis, Mahmoud Yousefifard, Chuanhua Yu, Zoubida Zaidi, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Zamani, Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe, Sanjay Zodpey, Valery L. Feigin, Theo Vos, Christopher J L Murray · 发表于：The Lancet Neurology · 年份：2018 · DOI：10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30415-0 · 被引用次数：2030 · 研究领域：Spinal Cord Injury Research、Traumatic Brain Injury Research、Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are increasingly recognised as global health priorities in view of the preventability of most injuries and the complex and expensive medical care they necessitate. We aimed to measure the incidence, prevalence, and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for TBI and SCI from all causes of injury in every country, to describe how these measures have changed between 1990 and 2016, and to estimate the proportion of TBI and SCI cases caused by different types of injury. METHODS: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study 2016 to measure the global, regional, and national burden of TBI and SCI by age and sex. We measured the incidence and prevalence of all causes of injury requiring medical care in inpatient and outpatient records, literature studies, and survey data. By use of clinical record data, we estimated the proportion of each cause of injury that required medical care that would result in TBI or SCI being considered as the nature of injury. We used literature studies to establish standardised mortality ratios and applied differential equations to convert incidence to prevalence of long-term disability. Finally, we applied GBD disability weights to calculate YLDs. We used a Bayesian meta-regression tool for epidemiological modelling, used cause-specific mortality rates for non-fatal estimation, and adjusted our results for disability experienced with com...