Managing Diffuse Phosphorus at the Source versus at the Sink

作者：Katrina Ann Macintosh, Brooke K. Mayer, Richard William McDowell, Stephen M. Powers, Lawrence A. Baker, Treavor H. Boyer, Bruce E. Rittmann · 发表于：Environmental Science & Technology · 年份：2018 · DOI：10.1021/acs.est.8b01143 · 被引用次数：132 · 研究领域：Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics、Phosphorus and nutrient management、Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment

Judicious phosphorus (P) management is a global grand challenge and critical to achieving and maintaining water quality objectives while maintaining food production. The management of point sources has been successful in lowering P inputs to aquatic environments, but more difficult is reducing P discharges associated with diffuse sources, such as nonpoint runoff from agriculture and urban landscapes, as well as P accumulated in soils and sediments. Strategies for effective diffuse-P management are imperative. Many options are currently available, and the most cost-effective and practical choice depends on the local situation. This critical review describes how the metrics of P quantity in kg ha –1 yr –1 and P form can influence decision-making and implementation of diffuse-P management strategies. Quantifying the total available pool of P, and its form, in a system is necessary to inform effective decision-making. The review draws upon a number of “ current practice ” case studies that span agriculture, cities, and aquatic sectors. These diverse examples from around the world highlight different diffuse-P management approaches, delivered at the source in the catchment watershed or at the aquatic sink. They underscore workable options for achieving water quality improvement and wider P sustainability. The diffuse-P management options discussed in this critical review are transferable to other jurisdictions at the global scale. We demonstrate that P quantity is typically highes...