Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews

作者：Katharina da Silva Lopes, Noyuri Yamaji, Obaidur Rahman, Maiko Suto, Yo Takemoto, Maria Nieves García‐Casal, Erika Ota · 发表于：Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1002/14651858.cd013092.pub2 · 被引用次数：136 · 研究领域：Iron Metabolism and Disorders、Child Nutrition and Water Access、Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease

BACKGROUND: Anaemia is a prevalent health problem worldwide. Some types are preventable or controllable with iron supplementation (pills or drops), fortification (sprinkles or powders containing iron added to food) or improvements to dietary diversity and quality (e.g. education or counselling). OBJECTIVES: To summarise the evidence from systematic reviews regarding the benefits or harms of nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia in anaemic or non-anaemic, apparently healthy populations throughout the life cycle. METHODS: In August 2020, we searched MEDLINE, Embase and 10 other databases for systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in anaemic or non-anaemic, apparently healthy populations. We followed standard Cochrane methodology, extracting GRADE ratings where provided. The primary outcomes were haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, anaemia, and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA); secondary outcomes were iron deficiency (ID), severe anaemia and adverse effects (e.g. diarrhoea, vomiting). MAIN RESULTS: We included 75 systematic reviews, 33 of which provided GRADE assessments; these varied between high and very low. Infants (6 to 23 months; 13 reviews) Iron supplementation increased Hb levels and reduced the risk of anaemia and IDA in two reviews. Iron fortification of milk or cereals, multiple-micronutrient powder (MMNP), home fortification of complementary foods, and supplementary feeding increased Hb levels and reduced the risk of anae...