8 million phenological and sky images from 29 ecosystems from the Arctic to the tropics: the Phenological Eyes Network

作者：Shin Nagai, Tomoko Akitsu, Taku M. Saitoh, Robert Busey, Karibu Fukuzawa, Yoshiaki Honda, Tomoaki Ichie, Reiko Ide, Hiroki Ikawa, Akira Iwasaki, Koki Iwao, Koji Kajiwara, Sinkyu Kang, Yongwon Kim, Kho Lip Khoon, Alexander V. Kononov, Yoshiko Kosugi, Takahisa Maeda, Wataru Mamiya, Masayuki Matsuoka, Trofim C. Maximov, Annette Menzel, Tomoaki Miura, Toshie Mizunuma, Tomoki Morozumi, Takeshi Motohka, Hiroyuki Muraoka, Hirohiko Nagano, T. Nakai, Tatsuro Nakaji, Hiroyuki Oguma, Takeshi Ohta, Keisuke Ono, Runi Anak Sylvester Pungga, Roman Petrov, Rei Sakai, Christian Schunk, Seikoh Sekikawa, Ruslan Shakhmatov, Yowhan Son, Atsuko Sugimoto, Rikie Suzuki, Kentaro Takagi, Satoru Takanashi, Shunsuke Tei, Satoshi Tsuchida, Hirokazu Yamamoto, Eri Yamasaki, M. Yamashita, Tae Kyung Yoon, Toshiya Yoshida, Mitsunori Yoshimura, Shinpei Yoshitake, Matthew Wilkinson, Lisa Wingate, Kenlo Nishida Nasahara · 发表于：Ecological Research · 年份：2018 · DOI：10.1007/s11284-018-1633-x · 被引用次数：50 · 研究领域：Remote Sensing in Agriculture、Species Distribution and Climate Change、Urban Heat Island Mitigation

Abstract We report long‐term continuous phenological and sky images taken by time‐lapse cameras through the Phenological Eyes Network ( http://www.pheno‐eye.org . Accessed 29 May 2018) in various ecosystems from the Arctic to the tropics. Phenological images are useful in recording the year‐to‐year variability in the timing of flowering, leaf‐flush, leaf‐coloring, and leaf‐fall and detecting the characteristics of phenological patterns and timing sensitivity among species and ecosystems. They can also help interpret variations in carbon, water, and heat cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, and be used to obtain ground‐truth data for the validation of satellite‐observed products. Sky images are useful in continuously recording atmospheric conditions and obtaining ground‐truth data for the validation of cloud contamination and atmospheric noise present in satellite remote‐sensing data. We have taken sky, forest canopy, forest floor, and shoot images of a range of tree species and landscapes, using time‐lapse cameras installed on forest floors, towers, and rooftops. In total, 84 time‐lapse cameras at 29 sites have taken 8 million images since 1999. Our images provide (1) long‐term, continuous detailed records of plant phenology that are more quantitative than in situ visual phenological observations of index trees; (2) basic information to explain the responsiveness, vulnerability, and resilience of ecosystem canopies and their functions and services to changes in climate; and (3)...