Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa

作者：Juan Carlos Zamora, Måns Svensson, Roland Kirschner, Ibai Olariaga, Svengunnar Ryman, Luis A. Parra, József Geml, Anna Rosling, Slavomír Adamčík, Teuvo Ahtı, M. Catherine Aime, A. Martyn Ainsworth, László Albert, Edgardo Albertó, Alberto Altés García, Dmitry Ageev, Reinhard Agerer, Begoña Aguirre-Hudson, Joe Ammirati, Harry Andersson, Claudio Angelini, Vladimír Antonín, Takayuki Aoki, André Aptroot, Didier Argaud, Blanca Imelda Arguello Sosa, A. Aronsen, Ulf Arup, Bita Asgari, Boris Assyov, Violeta Atienza, Ditte Bandini, J. L. Baptista-Ferreira, Hans-Otto Baral, Tim Baroni, Robert W. Barreto, Henry J. Beker, A.R. Bell, Jean‐Michel Bellanger, Francesco Bellù, Martin Bemmann, Mika Bendiksby, Egil Bendiksen, Katriina Bendiksen, Lajos Benedek, Anna Bérešová-Guttová, Franz Berger, Reinhard Berndt, Annarosa Bernicchia, Alona Yu. Biketova, Enrico Bizio, Curtis R. Björk, Teun Boekhout, David Boertmann, Tanja Böhning, Florent Boittin, Carlos G. Boluda, Menno W. Boomsluiter, Jan Borovička, Tor Erik Brandrud, Uwe Braun, Irwin M. Brodo, Tatiana Bulyonkova, Harold H. Burdsall, Bart Buyck, Ana Rosa Burgaz, Vicent Calatayud, Philippe Callac, Emanuele Campo, Massimo Candusso, B Capoen, Joaquim Carbó, Matteo Carbone, Rafael F. Castañeda-Ruíz, Michael A. Castellano, Jie Chen, Philippe Clerc, Giovanni Consiglio, Gilles Corriol, Régis Courtecuisse, Ana Crespo, Cathy L. Cripps, P.W. Crous, Gladstone Alves da Silva, Meiriele da Silva, Marjo Dam, Nico Dam, Frank Dämmrich, Kanad Das, Linda Davies, Eske De Crop, André De Kesel, R. D. Lange, Bárbara De Madrignac Bonzi, Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz, Lynn Delgat, V. Demoulin, Dennis E. Desjardin, Paul Diederich, Bálint Dima, María M Dios, Pradeep K. Divakar, Clovis Douanla‐Meli, Brian Douglas, Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler‐Santos, Paul S. Dyer, Ursula Eberhardt, Damien Ertz, Fernando Esteve-Raventós, Javier Angel Etayo Salazar, Vera Evenson, Guillaume Eyssartier, Edit Farkas, Alain Favre, Anna G. Fedosova, Mario Filippa, Péter Finy, Adam Flakus, Simón Fos, Jacques Fournier, A. Fraiture, P. Guanciali Franchi, Ana Esperanza Franco Molano, Gernot Friebes, Andreas Frisch, Alan M. Fryday, Giuliana Furci, Ricardo Galán Márquez, Matteo Garbelotto, Joaquina María García‐Martín, Mónica A.G. Otálora, Dania García Sánchez, Alain Gardiennet, Sigisfredo Garnica, Isaac Garrido‐Benavent, Genevieve Gates, Alice Gerlach, Masoomeh Ghobad‐Nejhad, Tatiana Baptista Gibertoni, Tine Grebenc, Irmgard Krisai- Greilhuber, Bella Grishkan, J.Z. Groenewald, Martín Grube, Gérald Gruhn, Cécile Gueidan, Gro Gulden, Luís Fernando Pascholati Gusmão, Josef Hafellner, Michel Hairaud, Marek Halama, Nils Hallenberg, Roy E. Halling, Karen Hansen, Christoffer Bugge Harder, Jacob Heilmann‐Clausen, Stip Helleman, Alain Henriot, Margarita Hernández‐Restrepo, Raphaël Herve, Caroline Hobart, Mascha Hoffmeister, Klaus Høiland, Jan Holec, Håkon Holien, Karen W. Hughes, Vít Hubka, Seppo Huhtinen, Boris Ivančević, Marian Jagers, Walter M. Jaklitsch, Anna Jansen, Ruvishika S. Jayawardena, Thomas Stjernegaard Jeppesen, Mikael Jeppson, Peter R. Johnston, Per M. Jørgensen, Ingvar Kärnefelt, Liudmila B. Kalinina, Gintaras Kantvilas, Mitko Karadelev, Taiga Kasuya, Ivona Kautmanová, Richard W. Kerrigan, Martín Kirchmair, Anna A. Kiyashko, Dániel G. Knapp, Henning Knudsen, Kerry Knudsen, Tommy Knutsson, Miroslav Kolařík, Urmas Kõljalg, Alica Košuthová, Attila Koszka, Heikki Kotiranta, В. М. Коткова, Ondřej Koukol, Jiří Kout, Gábor M. Kovács, Martin Kříž, Åsa Kruys, Viktor Kučera, Linas V. Kudzma, Francisco Kuhar, Martin Kukwa, T. K. Arun Kumar, Vladimír Kunca, Ivana Kušan, Thomas W. Kuyper, Carlos Lado, Thomas Læssøe, Patrice Lainé, Ewald Langer, Ellen Larsson, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Gary A. Laursen, Christian Lechat, Serena Lee, James C. Lendemer, Laura Levin, U Lindemann, Håkan Lindström, Xingzhong Liu, Régulo Carlos Llarena‐Hernández, Esteve Llop, Csaba Locsmándi, D. Jean Lodge, Michael Loizides, László Lőkös, Jennifer Luangsa-ard, Matthias Lüderitz, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Matthias Lutz, Dan Mahoney, Ekaterina Malysheva, Vera Malysheva, P. Manimohan, Yasmina Marín-Felix, Guilhermina Marques, Rubén Martínez-Gil, Guy Marson, Gerardo Mata, P. Brandon Matheny, Geir Mathiassen, Neven Matočec, Helmut Mayrhofer, Mehdi Mehrabi, Ireneia Melo, Armin Mešić, Andrew S. Methven, Otto Miettinen, Ana M. Millanes Romero, Andrew N. Miller, James K. Mitchell, Roland Moberg, Pierre‐Arthur Moreau, Gabriel Moreno, Olga Morozova, Asunción Morte, Lucía Muggia, Guillermo Muñoz González, Leena Myllys, István Nagy, László G. Nagy, Maria Alice Neves, Tuomo Niemelä, Pier Luigi Nimis, Nicolás Niveiro, Machiel E. Noordeloos, Anders Nordin, Sara R. Noumeur, Yuri K. Novozhilov, Jorinde Nuytinck, Esteri Ohenoja, Patrícia Oliveira Fiúza, Alan Orange, Alexander Ordynets, Beatriz Ortiz-Santana, Leticia Pacheco, Ferenc Pál‐Fám, Melissa Palacio, Zdeněk Palice, Viktor Papp, Kadri Pärtel, Julia Pawłowska, Aurelia Paz, Ursula Peintner, Shaun R. Pennycook, Olinto Liparini Pereira, Pablo P. Daniëls, Miquel À. Pérez-De-Gregorio Capella, Carlos Amo, Sergio P. Gorjón, Sergio Pérez‐Ortega, Israel Pérez-Vargas, Brian A. Perry, Jens H. Petersen, Ronald H. Petersen, Donald H. Pfister, Chayanard Phukhamsakda, Marcin Piątek, Meike Piepenbring, Raquel Pino‐Bodas, Juan P. Pinzón, Paul Pirot, Е. С. Попов, Orlando F. Popoff, María Prieto Álvaro, Christian Printzen, Nadezhda V. Psurtseva, Witoon Purahong, Luis Quijada, Gerhard Rambold, Natalia A. Ramírez, Huzefa A. Raja, Olivier Raspé, Tania Raymundo, Martina Réblová, Yu. A. Rebriev, Juan de Dios Reyes García, Miguel Ángel Ribes Ripoll, Franck Richard, Mike J. Richardson, Víctor J. Rico, Gerardo Robledo, F. R. Barbosa, Cristina Rodríguez-Caycedo, Pamela Rodriguez‐Flakus, Anna Ronikier, Luis Rubio Casas, Katerina Rusevska, Günter Saar, Irja Saar, Isabel Salcedo, Sergio Martı́nez, Carlos Alberto Salvador Montoya, Santiago Sánchez‐Ramírez, José Vladimir Sandoval-Sierra, Sergi Santamaría, Josiane Santana Monteiro, Hans‐Josef Schroers, Barbara Schulz, Geert Schmidt-Stohn, Trond Schumacher, Béatrice Senn-Irlet, Hana Ševčíková, Oleg N. Shchepin, Takashi Shirouzu, A. G. Shiryaev, Klaus Siepe, Esteban B. Sir, Mohammad Sohrabi, Karl Soop, Viacheslav Spirin, Toby Spribille, Marc Stadler, Joost A. Stalpers, Soili Stenroos, Ave Suija, Stellan Sunhede, Sten Svantesson, Sigvard Svensson, Tatyana Svetasheva, Krzysztof Świerkosz, Heidi Tamm, Hatıra Taşkın, Adrien Taudière, Jan-Olof Tedebrand, Raúl Tena Lahoz, Marina Temina, Arne Thell, Marco Thines, Göran Thor, Holger Thüs, Leif Tibell, Sanja Tibell, Einar Timdal, Zdenko Tkalčec, Tor Tønsberg, Gérard Trichies, Dagmar Triebel, Andrei Tsurykau, Rodham E. Tulloss, Veera Tuovinen, Miguel Ulloa Sosa, Carlos Urcelay, François Valade, Ricardo Valenzuela Garza, Pieter van den Boom, Nicolas Van Vooren, Aída M. Vasco‐Palacios, Jukka Vauras, Juan C. Santos, Else C. Vellinga, Annemieke Verbeken, Per Vetlesen, Alfredo Vizzini, Hermann Voglmayr, Sergey Volobuev, Wolfgang von Brackel, Elena Voronina, Grit Walther, Roy Watling, Evi Weber, Mats Wedin, Øyvind Weholt, Martin Westberg, Eugene Yurchenko, Petr Zehnálek, Huang Zhang, Mikhail P. Zhurbenko, Stefan Ekman · 发表于：IMA Fungus · 年份：2018 · DOI：10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.01.10 · 被引用次数：56 · 研究领域：Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases、Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions、Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies

Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11 th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current p...