Negative emissions—Part 2: Costs, potentials and side effects

作者：Sabine Fuss, William F. Lamb, Max Callaghan, Jérôme Hilaire, Felix Creutzig, Thorben Amann, Tim Beringer, Wagner de Oliveira Garcia, Jens Hartmann, Tarun Khanna, Gunnar Luderer, Gregory F. Nemet, Joeri Rogelj, Pete Smith, José Luis Vicente‐Vicente, Jennifer Wilcox, Maria del Mar Zamora Dominguez, Jan C. Minx · 发表于：Environmental Research Letters · 年份：2018 · DOI：10.1088/1748-9326/aabf9f · 被引用次数：1563 · 研究领域：Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies、CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions、Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics

The most recent IPCC assessment has shown an important role for negative emissions technologies (NETs) in limiting global warming to 2 °C cost-effectively. However, a bottom-up, systematic, reproducible, and transparent literature assessment of the different options to remove CO 2 from the atmosphere is currently missing. In part 1 of this three-part review on NETs, we assemble a comprehensive set of the relevant literature so far published, focusing on seven technologies: bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), afforestation and reforestation, direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS), enhanced weathering, ocean fertilisation, biochar, and soil carbon sequestration. In this part, part 2 of the review, we present estimates of costs, potentials, and side-effects for these technologies, and qualify them with the authors' assessment. Part 3 reviews the innovation and scaling challenges that must be addressed to realise NETs deployment as a viable climate mitigation strategy. Based on a systematic review of the literature, our best estimates for sustainable global NET potentials in 2050 are 0.5–3.6 GtCO 2 yr −1 for afforestation and reforestation, 0.5–5 GtCO 2 yr −1 for BECCS, 0.5–2 GtCO 2 yr −1 for biochar, 2–4 GtCO 2 yr −1 for enhanced weathering, 0.5–5 GtCO 2 yr −1 for DACCS, and up to 5 GtCO 2 yr −1 for soil carbon sequestration. Costs vary widely across the technologies, as do their permanency and cumulative potentials beyond 2050. It is unlikely that a single...