Study of average valence and valence electron distribution of several oxides using X-ray photoelectron spectra

作者：Li Ding, Lin Wu, X. S. Ge, Y. N. Du, Jun Qian, G. D. Tang, Wei Zhong · 发表于：Results in Physics · 年份：2018 · DOI：10.1016/j.rinp.2018.03.045 · 被引用次数：27 · 研究领域：Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides、Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials、Multiferroics and related materials

X-ray photoelectron spectra of the O 1s electrons of MnFe 2 O 4 , ZnFe 2 O 4 , ZnO, and CaO were used to estimate the average valence, V alO , of the oxygen anions in these samples. The absolute values of V alO for these samples were found to be distinctly lower than the traditional value of 2.0, suggesting that the total average valences of the cations are also lower than the conventionally accepted values owing to valence balance in the compounds. In addition, we analyzed the valence band spectra of the samples and investigated the distribution characteristics of the valence electrons .