A review of emerging technologies for remediation of PFASs

作者：Ian L. Ross, Jeffrey T. McDonough, Jonathan Miles, Peter Storch, Parvathy Thelakkat Kochunarayanan, Erica Kalve, Jake Hurst, Soumitri S. Dasgupta, J. Clement Burdick · 发表于：Remediation Journal · 年份：2018 · DOI：10.1002/rem.21553 · 被引用次数：602 · 研究领域：Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research、Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact、Chemical Analysis and Environmental Impact

Abstract The need for remediation of poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is growing as a result of more regulatory attention to this new class of contaminants with diminishing water quality standards being promulgated, commonly in the parts per trillion range. PFASs comprise >3,000 individual compounds, but the focus of analyses and regulations has generally been PFASs termed perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), which are all extremely persistent, can be highly mobile, and are increasingly being reported to bioaccumulate, with understanding of their toxicology evolving. However, there are thousands of polyfluorinated “PFAA precursors”, which can transform in the environment and in higher organisms to create PFAAs as persistent daughter products. Some PFASs can travel miles from their point of release, as they are mobile and persistent, potentially creating large plumes. The use of a conceptual site model (CSM) to define risks posed by specific PFASs to potential receptors is considered essential. Granular activated carbon (GAC) is commonly used as part of interim remedial measures to treat PFASs present in water. Many alternative treatment technologies are being adapted for PFASs or ingenious solutions developed. The diversity of PFASs commonly associated with use of multiple PFASs in commercial products is not commonly assessed. Remedial technologies, which are adsorptive or destructive, are considered for both soils and waters with challenges to their commercial applicatio...