The risk of Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in new users of antiepileptic drugs

作者：Noel Frey, Michael Bodmer, Andreas J. Bircher, Stephan J. Rüegg, Susan Sara Jick, Christoph Meier, Julia Spoendlin · 发表于：Epilepsia · 年份：2017 · DOI：10.1111/epi.13925 · 被引用次数：71 · 研究领域：Drug-Induced Adverse Reactions、Contact Dermatitis and Allergies、Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions

OBJECTIVE: Older antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are known to cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). However, evidence for newer AED is sparse. We quantified risks of SJS/TEN in association with use of all AEDs in the United Kingdom. METHODS: In a matched case-control study of 480 previously validated SJS/TEN cases (1995-2013) we used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and calculated absolute risks of SJS/TEN within separate cohorts of new users of 28 AEDs. We assessed causality between drugs and SJS/TEN in each exposed case, using an adapted version of the algorithm of drug causality for epidermal necrolysis (ALDEN) score. RESULTS: We observed a strong association between SJS/TEN and new use of carbamazepine (OR 92.57, 95% CI 19.89-∞), phenytoin (OR 49.96, 95% CI 10.13-∞), and lamotrigine (OR 26.90, 95% CI 4.88-∞), where causality, according to the ALDEN score, was very probable or probable for most exposed cases. Absolute risks for SJS/TEN were highest for phenytoin (45.86 cases/100,000 exposed), lamotrigine (44.17 cases/100,000 exposed), and carbamazepine (20.38 cases/100,000 exposed). Despite increased ORs for valproate (40,941 exposed), gabapentin (116,037 exposed), pregabalin (59,967 exposed), and clobazam (4,300 exposed), ALDEN suggested no causal association. There were no observed cases of SJS/TEN among new users of levetiracetam (n = 96,77), clonazepam (n = 18,075), or topi...