Olfactory Dysfunction Predicts Subsequent Dementia in Older U.S. Adults

作者：Dara R. Adams, David W. Kern, Kristen Wroblewski, Martha K. McClintock, William Dale, Jayant M. Pinto · 发表于：Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 年份：2017 · DOI：10.1111/jgs.15048 · 被引用次数：92 · 研究领域：Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies、Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments、Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and subsequent diagnosis of dementia. DESIGN: Longitudinal study of a population representative of U.S. older adults. SETTING: Home interviews (National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project). PARTICIPANTS: Men and women aged 57 to 85 (N = 2,906). MEASUREMENTS: Objective odor identification ability was measured at baseline using a validated five-item test. Five years later, the respondent, or a proxy if the respondent was too sick to interview or had died, reported physician diagnosis of dementia. The association between baseline olfactory dysfunction and an interval dementia diagnosis was tested using multivariate logistic regression, controlling for age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, comorbidities (modified Charlson Comorbidity Index), and cognition at baseline (Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire). RESULTS: Older adults with olfactory dysfunction had more than twice the odds of having developed dementia 5 years later (odds ratio = 2.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.32-3.43), controlling for the above covariates. Having more odor identification errors was associated with greater probability of an interval dementia diagnosis (P = .04, 1-degree of freedom linear-trend test). CONCLUSION: We show for the first time in a nationally representative sample that home-dwelling older adults with normal cognition and difficulty identifying odors face higher odds of being diagnosed with dementia 5 yea...