Circuit and System Designs of Ultra-Low Power Sensor Nodes With Illustration in a Miniaturized GNSS Logger for Position Tracking: Part II—Data Communication, Energy Harvesting, Power Management, and Digital Circuits

作者：Taekwang Jang, Gyouho Kim, Benjamin Kempke, M. Henry, Nikolaos Chiotellis, Carl Pfeiffer, Dongkwun Kim, Yejoong Kim, Zhiyoong Foo, Hyeongseok Kim, Anthony Grbic, Dennis Sylvester, Hun-Seok Kim, David D. Wentzloff, David Blaauw · 发表于：IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers · 年份：2017 · DOI：10.1109/tcsi.2017.2730638 · 被引用次数：27 · 研究领域：Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks、Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies、Engineering and Technology Innovations

This two-part paper reviews recent innovations in circuit design that have accelerated the miniaturization of sensor nodes. In this second part of the paper, we focus on key building blocks of miniaturized sensor nodes, such as data transceivers, energy harvesters, power management units, and digital logic circuits. System level design considerations are also discussed to provide guidelines for the design of a miniaturized system. As an example prototype design, a 2.7-cm3global navigation satellite system (GNSS) logger is proposed. This paper includes a die-stacked sensor platform composed of an ARM cortex M0 processor, energy harvester, power management unit, solar cell, optical receiver, sensor layer, and RF transmitter that exploits the discussed design techniques for ultra-low power operation. The GNSS logger can store GNSS signals of >1 k positions on a single battery charging without additional energy harvesting.