Microbiota-activated PPAR-γ signaling inhibits dysbiotic Enterobacteriaceae expansion

作者：Mariana X. Byndloss, Erin E. Olsan, Fabian Rivera-Chávez, Connor R. Tiffany, Stephanie A. Cevallos, Kristen L. Lokken, Teresa P. Torres, Austin J. Byndloss, Franziska Faber, Yandong Gao, Yael Litvak, Christopher A. Lopez, Gege Xu, Eleonora Napoli, Cecilia Giulivi, Renée M. Tsolis, Alexander Revzin, Carlito B. Lebrilla, Andreas J. Bäumler · 发表于：Science · 年份：2017 · DOI：10.1126/science.aam9949 · 被引用次数：1232 · 研究领域：Gut microbiota and health、Probiotics and Fermented Foods、Diet and metabolism studies

Healthy guts exclude oxygen Normally, the lumen of the colon lacks oxygen. Fastidiously anaerobic butyrate-producing bacteria thrive in the colon; by ablating these organisms, antibiotic treatment removes butyrate. Byndloss et al. discovered that loss of butyrate deranges metabolic signaling in gut cells (see the Perspective by Cani). This induces nitric oxidase to generate nitrate in the lumen and disables β-oxidation in epithelial cells that would otherwise mop up stray oxygen before it enters the colon. Simultaneously, regulatory T cells retreat, and inflammation is unchecked, which contributes yet more oxygen species to the colon. Then, facultative aerobic pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica , can take advantage of the altered environment and outgrow any antibiotic-crippled and benign anaerobes. Science , this issue p. 570 ; see also p. 548