Geography, Ethnicity or Subsistence-Specific Variations in Human Microbiome Composition and Diversity

作者：Vinod K. Gupta, Sandip Paul, Chitra Dutta · 发表于：Frontiers in Microbiology · 年份：2017 · DOI：10.3389/fmicb.2017.01162 · 被引用次数：1044 · 研究领域：Gut microbiota and health、Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research、Dermatology and Skin Diseases

One of the fundamental issues in the microbiome research is characterization of the healthy human microbiota. Recent studies have elucidated substantial divergences in the microbiome structure between healthy individuals from different race and ethnicity. This review provides a comprehensive account of such geography, ethnicity or life-style-specific variations in healthy microbiome at five major body habitats – Gut, Oral-cavity, Respiratory Tract, Skin and Urogenital Tract (UGT). The review focuses on the general trend in the human microbiome evolution - a gradual transition in the gross compositional structure along with a continual decrease in diversity of the microbiome, especially of the gut microbiome, as the human populations passed through three stages of subsistence like foraging, rural farming and industrialized urban western life. In general, gut microbiome of the hunter-gatherer populations is highly abundant with Prevotella, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Clostridiales, Ruminobacter etc., while those of the urban communities are often enriched in Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium and Firmicutes. The oral and skin microbiome are the next most diverse among different populations, while respiratory tract and UGT microbiome show lesser variations. Higher microbiome diversity is observed for oral-cavity in hunter-gatherer group with higher prevalence of Haemophilus than agricultural group. In case of skin microbiome, rural and urban Chinese populations show variation in abu...