Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children

作者：Daniele Staskal Wikoff, Brian T. Welsh, Rayetta G. Henderson, Gregory P. Brorby, Janice K. Britt, Esther F. Myers, Jeffrey J. Goldberger, Harris R. Lieberman, Charles P. O’Brien, Jennifer David Peck, Milton Tenenbein, Connie M. Weaver, Seneca Harvey, Jonathan D. Urban, Candace Lippoli Doepker · 发表于：Food and Chemical Toxicology · 年份：2017 · DOI：10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.002 · 被引用次数：440 · 研究领域：Coffee research and impacts、Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet、Eating Disorders and Behaviors

To date, one of the most heavily cited assessments of caffeine safety in the peer-reviewed literature is that issued by Health Canada (Nawrot et al., 2003). Since then, >10,000 papers have been published related to caffeine, including hundreds of reviews on specific human health effects; however, to date, none have compared the wide range of topics evaluated by Nawrot et al. (2003). Thus, as an update to this foundational publication, we conducted a systematic review of data on potential adverse effects of caffeine published from 2001 to June 2015. Subject matter experts and research team participants developed five PECO (population, exposure, comparator, and outcome) questions to address five types of outcomes (acute toxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, bone and calcium effects, behavior, and development and reproduction) in four healthy populations (adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children) relative to caffeine intake doses determined not to be associated with adverse effects by Health Canada (comparators: 400 mg/day for adults [10 g for lethality], 300 mg/day for pregnant women, and 2.5 mg/kg/day for children and adolescents). The a priori search strategy identified >5000 articles that were screened, with 381 meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria for the five outcomes (pharmacokinetics was addressed contextually, adding 46 more studies). Data were extracted by the research team and rated for risk of bias and indirectness (internal and external validity). Selected no-...